Occurrence of urinary calculi in the early larvae of brown- marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus F.

Aquaculture Research278635-640AQRE

Steroid metabolism by ovarian follicles and extrafollicular tissue of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) during oocyte growth and gestation

General and Comparative Endocrinology863378-394GCEN

Enhanced photoluminescence and characterization of Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystallites synthesized in microemulsion

Langmuir13246427-6431LANG

Photochemical formation of silver nanoparticles in poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)

Langmuir124909-912LANG

Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact.

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard

Features of children perinatally infected with HIV-1 surviving longer than 5 years. Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children

Children infected with HIV do not necessarily develop AIDS to a set pattern but can be divided into long-term and short-term survivors. We examined long-term survival in children perinatally infected with HIV-1. Out of a total of 624, we studied 182 children who survived longer than 5 years (long-term survivors [LTS]) and 120 children who died of HIV-1-related disease before 5 years (defined as short-term survivors [STS]). 28 (15%) LTS were symptomless (Centers for Disease Control [CDC] P-1 children). 154 (85%) had symptoms (CDC P-2). The proportion of LTS with less than 0.2 x 10(9)/CD4 cells per L was 24/116 (21%) at 61-72 months, rising to 11/26 (41%) at more than 96 months. On at least one occasion, p24 antigenaemia was observed in 112 (62%) LTS. Annual rate of CD4 cell loss was lower in LTS (25% [95% CI: 21-29]) than in STS (53% [45-60]) and in LTS symptomless or with solitary P-2A signs (17%; [13-21]) than in LTS with severe manifestations (30% [25-35]). A new outlook emerges. A substantial number of children do survive after early childhood; severe diseases; low CD4 cell numbers, and p24 antigenaemia do not necessarily preclude long-term survival. The study shows that a CD4 cell decrease early in life can be predictive of outcome