Reparation for Betrayal of Trust in Child Sexual Abuse Cases: The Christian Duty of Care, Vicarious Liability and the Church of England

Feminist challenges to the traditional principles of vicarious liability highlight the difficulties facing claimants seeking redress via a doctrine largely developed in relation to the corporate model reflecting masculine traits of institutional power and control embedded in the traditional enterprise employer/employee relationship. This article explores the ways in which the recent spate of claims made against UK religious authorities regarding present and historic acts of child sexual abuse perpetrated by clergy have forced a paradigm shift requiring the courts to consider influences on the legal process associated with tropes of restorative justice, powerfully supported and explained by feminist legal theorists. The position of the Roman Catholic Church, however, is shown to be very different to that of the Church of England, highlighting the need for the paradigm shift to develop further and to consider the role of validation and vindication as elements in reparation, institutional as well as individual

A New Cretaceous Conifer From Northern Alaska

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141474/1/ajb211156.pd

TRIAD - Preliminary design of an operational earth resources survey system. 1969 summer faculty fellowship program in engineering systems design

TRIAD, preliminary design of operational earth resources survey syste

TRIAD - Preliminary design of an operational earth resources survey system Final report

Design of operational earth resources survey syste

Order parameter model for unstable multilane traffic flow

We discuss a phenomenological approach to the description of unstable vehicle motion on multilane highways that explains in a simple way the observed sequence of the phase transitions "free flow -> synchronized motion -> jam" as well as the hysteresis in the transition "free flow synchronized motion". We introduce a new variable called order parameter that accounts for possible correlations in the vehicle motion at different lanes. So, it is principally due to the "many-body" effects in the car interaction, which enables us to regard it as an additional independent state variable of traffic flow. Basing on the latest experimental data (cond-mat/9905216) we assume that these correlations are due to a small group of "fast" drivers. Taking into account the general properties of the driver behavior we write the governing equation for the order parameter. In this context we analyze the instability of homogeneous traffic flow manifesting itself in both of the mentioned above phase transitions where, in addition, the transition "synchronized motion -> jam" also exhibits a similar hysteresis. Besides, the jam is characterized by the vehicle flows at different lanes being independent of one another. We specify a certain simplified model in order to study the general features of the car cluster self-formation under the phase transition "free flow synchronized motion". In particular, we show that the main local parameters of the developed cluster are determined by the state characteristics of vehicle motion only.Comment: REVTeX 3.1, 10 pages with 10 PostScript figure

Kinetic and Spectroscopic Characterization of the H178A Methionyl Aminopeptidase from \u3cem\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/em\u3e

To gain insight into the role of the strictly conserved histidine residue, H178, in the reaction mechanism of the methionyl aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli (EcMetAP-I), the H178A mutant enzyme was prepared. Metal-reconstituted H178A binds only one equivalent of Co(II) or Fe(II) tightly with affinities that are identical to the WT enzyme based on kinetic and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data. Electronic absorption spectra of Co(II)-loaded H178A EcMetAP-I indicate that the active site divalent metal ion is pentacoordinate, identical to the WT enzyme. These data indicate that the metal binding site has not been affected by altering H178. The effect of altering H178 on activity is, in general, due to a decrease in kcat. The kcat value for Co(II)-loaded H178A decreased 70-fold toward MGMM and 290-fold toward MP-p-NA compared to the WT enzyme, while kcat decreased 50-fold toward MGMM for the Fe(II)-loaded H178A enzyme and 140-fold toward MP-p-NA. The Km values for MGMM remained unaffected, while those for MP-p-NA increased approximately 2-fold for Co(II)- and Fe(II)-loaded H178A. The kcat/Km values for both Co(II)- and Fe(II)-loaded H178A toward both substrates ranged from ∼50- to 580-fold reduction. The pH dependence of log Km, log kcat, and log(kcat/Km) of both WT and H178A EcMetAP-I were also obtained and are identical, within error, for H178A and WT EcMetAP-I. Therefore, H178A is catalytically important but is not required for catalysis. Assignment of one of the observed pKa values at 8.1 for WT EcMetAP-I was obtained from plots of molar absorptivity at λmax(640) vs pH for both WT and H178A EcMetAP-I. Apparent pKa values of 8.1 and 7.6 were obtained for WT and H178A EcMetAP-I, respectively, and were assigned to the deprotonation of a metal-bound water molecule. The data reported herein provide support for the key elements of the previously proposed mechanism and suggest that a similar mechanism can apply to the enzyme with a single metal in the active site

Embedding sustainability literacy in the legal curriculum: reflections on the Plymouth model

peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ralt2

Lewy body compared with Alzheimer dementia is associated with decreased functional connectivity in resting state networks.

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure whole brain functional connectivity within specific networks hypothesised to be more affected in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (a disease characterised by prominent attentional deficits, spontaneous motor features of parkinsonism and depression) than in Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) and controls. This study involved 68 subjects (15 DLB, 13 AD and 40 controls) who were scanned using resting state BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) fMRI on a 3T MRI scanner. Functional connectivity was measured using a model-free independent component analysis approach that consisted of temporally concatenating the resting state fMRI data of all study subjects and investigating group differences using a back-reconstruction procedure. Resting state functional connectivity was affected in the default mode, salience, executive and basal ganglia networks in DLB subjects compared with AD and controls. Functional connectivity was lower in DLB compared with AD and controls in these networks, except for the basal ganglia network, where connectivity was greater in DLB. No resting state networks showed less connectivity in AD compared with DLB or controls. Our results suggest that functional connectivity of resting state networks can identify differences between DLB and AD subjects that may help to explain why DLB subjects have more frequent attentional deficits, parkinsonian symptoms, and depression than those with AD.North East Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network (DeNDRoN)This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.06.00