San Francisco's Paid Sick Leave Ordinance: Outcomes for Employers and Employees

This study examines the effects of San Francisco's recent paid sick days legislation on employees and employers. New survey evidence is presented on how paid sick days are being used, the costs and benefits for employees and employers, and rates of employer compliance. The research represents part of a broader body of work undertaken by the Institute for Women's Policy Research on the costs and benefits of proposed paid sick days legislation. The research was made possible by grants from the Public Welfare Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the Annie E. Casey Foundation

Temperature equilibration in a fully ionized plasma: electron-ion mass ratio effects

Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS) produced an analytic calculation for energy exchange processes for a weakly to moderately coupled plasma: the electron-ion temperature equilibration rate and the charged particle stopping power. These precise calculations are accurate to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma coupling parameter, and to all orders for two-body quantum scattering within the plasma. Classical molecular dynamics can provide another approach that can be rigorously implemented. It is therefore useful to compare the predictions from these two methods, particularly since the former is theoretically based and the latter numerically. An agreement would provide both confidence in our theoretical machinery and in the reliability of the computer simulations. The comparisons can be made cleanly in the purely classical regime, thereby avoiding the arbitrariness associated with constructing effective potentials to mock up quantum effects. We present here the classical limit of the general result for the temperature equilibration rate presented in BPS. We examine the validity of the m_electron/m_ion --> 0 limit used in BPS to obtain a very simple analytic evaluation of the long-distance, collective effects in the background plasma.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, small change in titl

A Current Analysis of the Usury Laws a National View

This Article explains the history of usury laws, elements of the law, exemptions, special cases, and penalties

A comparison of strength properties of heat treated AISI 1065 steels at high strength levels

Six AISI C 1065 steels were heat treated and tensile tested in order to evaluate their ductility at high strength levels. Heat treating and tensile testing procedures were developed for use working with these steels at tensile strengths of 300,000 psi and higher. The austenitizing procedure in the hardening operation was found to affect the strength and ductility of the high strength samples. Rapidly heating to the austenitizing temperature followed by an immediate quench produced better properties than slow heating followed by a soaking period before the quench. However, it was concluded that the carbon contents of the steels studied (0.64% - 0.72%) was too high to realize simultaneously very high strength and appreciable ductility --Abstract, page ii

GOD THE LIFE-GIVER: 4 MACCABEES, 4 EZRA, AND PAUL’S LETTER TO THE GALATIANS IN CONVERSATION ON THE GIFT OF LIFE

This thesis reads 4 Maccabees and 4 Ezra in dialogue with Galatians on the topic of God as life-giver and life as divine gift. Scholars have occasionally noted parallels between the vocabulary and themes of these texts—especially, Gal 3 – 4 and 4 Ezra 3 – 10 and Gal 5 – 6 and 4 Macc—but their conceptions of divine life-giving benefaction have not been analysed. This thesis aims to fill this scholarly lacuna and, by placing these texts in conversation, to expose and compare the theological logics of Galatians, 4 Maccabees, and 4 Ezra. Part one provides separate readings of 4 Maccabees and 4 Ezra 3 – 10 on divine life-giving benefaction. Chapter one argues that 4 Maccabees’ apologetic blending of Hellenistic virtue ethics with Jewish theology depends on a conception of God’s gift of the Torah to order the mind at creation as inviolable, while God’s life-giving and death-dealing activity in history and at the eschaton grounds and vindicates this order. Chapter two argues that, because 4 Ezra considers irrevocable the divine donation of life as Torah-ordered freedom at creation, its apocalyptic, two-ages theodicy explains the fall of Zion and occlusion of historical justice as a function of the epistemological (not moral) estrangement of the inhabitants of the fallen, ‘dying’ cosmos. Part two reads Galatians from the perspective of the concerns of 4 Maccabees and 4 Ezra. Chapter three considers how the presentations of Eleazar and Ezra as exemplary recipients of Torah-ordered created life raise questions about Paul’s understanding of the divine donation of creation and the Torah, given his presentation of himself as an unworthy recipient of life in the Christ-gift (Gal 1 – 2). Chapter four hosts a debate with 4 Ezra over Paul’s reading of scripture and salvation-history (Gal 3 – 4), arguing that Paul considers the law to be fitted to humanity’s ‘dead’ estate in view of the eschatological life created and ordered in the Christ-gift by the Spirit. Chapter five argues, through debate with 4 Maccabees, that Paul’s conception of the gift of ‘life’ to the unworthy ‘dead’ reaches its climax in an inchoate theory of moral agency and account of moral order (Gal 5 – 6). In this way, this study unites streams of scholarship on grace and ‘life’ texts both to further understanding of the theological relation between Paul and his Jewish contemporaries and to propose a new account of the theological logic of Galatians

A Spirifer disjunctus Fauna in Iowa

The Sheffield formation is found in north central Iowa lying unconformably on the Owen limestone of Upper Devonian age and unconformably below the Hampton formation of Kinderhook age. The region in which the Sheffield is best exposed is in northeastern Franklin County within the area of the Iowan drift. The drift is thin enough in this area to reflect the underlying rock surface. The soft nature of the Sheffield material has allowed the streams to curve out a mature rolling topography in this portion of the county. Because of the thin Iowan drift the exposures of the Sheffield are found near the tops of the hills as well as in the beds of the streams. The drainage of this area is east into Shell Rock River