13,242 research outputs found
Fast or Frugal, but not both: Decision Heuristics under Time Pressure
Heuristics are simple, yet effective, strategies that people use to make decisions. Because heuristics do not require all available information, they are thought to be easy to implement and to not tax limited cognitive resources, which has led heuristics to be characterized as fast-and-frugal. We question this monolithic conception of heuristics by contrasting the cognitive demands of two popular heuristics, Tallying and Take-the-Best. We contend that heuristics that are frugal in terms of information usage may not always be fast because of the attentional control required to implement this focus in certain contexts. In support of this hypothesis, we find that Take-the-Best, while being more frugal in terms of information usage, is slower to implement and fares worse under time pressure manipulations than Tallying. This effect is then reversed when search costs for Take-the-Best are reduced by changing the format of the stimuli. These findings suggest that heuristics are heterogeneous and should be unpacked according to their cognitive demands to determine the circumstances a heuristic best applies
Resonant Bend Loss in Leakage Channel Fibers
Leakage channel fibers, designed to suppress higher-order modes, demonstrate
resonant power loss at certain critical radii of curvature. Outside the
resonance, the power recovers to the levels offset by the usual mechanism of
bend-induced loss. Using C-imaging, we experimentally characterize this
anomaly and identify the corresponding physical mechanism as the radiative
decay of the fundamental mode mediated by the resonant coupling to a cladding
mode.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Optics Letter
Subjective value and decision entropy are jointly encoded by aligned gradients across the human brain
Recent work has considered the relationship between value and confidence in both behavioural and neural representation. Here we evaluated whether the brain organises value and confidence signals in a systematic fashion that reflects the overall desirability of options. If so, regions that respond to either increases or decreases in both value and confidence should be widespread. We strongly confirmed these predictions through a model-based fMRI analysis of a mixed gambles task that assessed subjective value (SV) and inverse decision entropy (iDE), which is related to confidence. Purported value areas more strongly signalled iDE than SV, underscoring how intertwined value and confidence are. A gradient tied to the desirability of actions transitioned from positive SV and iDE in ventromedial prefrontal cortex to negative SV and iDE in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. This alignment of SV and iDE signals could support retrospective evaluation to guide learning and subsequent decisions
Spin polarized states in strongly asymmetric nuclear matter
In the framework of a Fermi liquid theory it is considered the possibility of
appearance of spin polarized states in strongly asymmetric nuclear matter with
Skyrme effective interaction. The zero temperature dependence of neutron and
proton spin polarization parameters as functions of density is found for SLy4,
SLy5 effective forces. It is shown that at some critical density it will be
formed the state with the oppositely directed spins of neutrons and protons,
while the state with the same direction of spins does not appear. In comparison
with neutron matter, even small admixture of protons strongly decreases the
threshold density of spin instability. It is clarified that protons become
totally polarized within very narrow density domain while in the density
profile of neutron spin polarization parameter their appear long tails near the
transition density.Comment: Prepared with RevTeX4, 8p., 3 figures; to appear in PR
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Hydropyrolysis of high molecular weight organic matter in Murchison
Hydropyrolysis of the Murchison macromolecular material releases polyaromatic compounds including phenanthrene, carbazole, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, benzoperylene and coronene units with varying degrees of alklyation
Simple Front End Electronics for Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers
A simple circuit for the presentation of the signals from Multi-gap Resistive
Plate Chambers (MRPCs) to standard existing digitization electronics is
described. The circuit is based on "off-the-shelf" discrete components. An
optimization of the values of specific components is required to match the
aspects of the MRPCs for the given application. This simple circuit is an
attractive option for the initial signal processing for MRPC prototyping and
bench- or beam-testing efforts, as well as for final implementations of
small-area Time-of-Flight systems with existing data acquisition systems.Comment: submitted to Nucl. Inst. and Methods, Section
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