Symbolic policy and the educational myth of biculturalism

Using the concept of symbolic policy and drawing from an anthropology of policy approach, this paper explores the ways that bicultural education policy creates and sustains a myth of partnership between Māori and Pākehā/European settler-descendants. Drawing from doctoral research undertaken in mainstream Auckland secondary schools, the paper illustrates the ways that the educational myth of biculturalism is sustained through auditing systems and institutional practices, and discusses one particular effect of this process. For the research participants in the study (a group of non-Māori students learning Māori language), bicultural policy, as it tends to be enacted in schools, appears to contribute to an idealized conception of Māori people. In this idealized conception, Māori people are believed to be speakers of the Māori language and consequently the Māori language is perceived to be healthy and thriving. Whether this perception is widely held is unknown, but it has the potential to impact negatively on future Māori language revitalization efforts

WMVO Documentary Transcript

A transcript about the 1959 Kokosing River Floodhttps://digital.kenyon.edu/lak_interviews/1028/thumbnail.jp

The characterization of MHC Class II genes of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) : an investigation of mechanisms that shape genetic diversity in natural populations

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-77).Genes within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of vertebrates code for proteins that are involved in antigen recognition and activation of the adaptive immune response. The hallmark of the MHC is the extremely high levels of polymorphism found at loci. A diverse array of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the generation and maintenance of diversity at MHC loci, including the processes of gene conversion, genetic drift and selection; in the presence of many pathogens balancing selection is thought to be the dominant mechanism by which selection operates. Amino acid substitutions within the peptide-binding region (PBR) of MHC genes further supports the hypothesis that positive selection enhances amino acid diversity in the PBR, such that natural selection will favour PBR diversity in natural populations. This study investigated mechanisms that shape genetic diversity of MHC class II genes in a natural population of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus. Using PCR-cloning-sequencing methodology, allelic diversity at MHC Class II genes was investigated and provides evidence for at least two Class II 13 gene families in the Nile crocodile. The Crni-OAB family is homologous to classical Class II vertebrate genes; high levels of both allelic and amino acid diversity characterise this gene family and a strong signal of balancing selection acts to maintain functional diversity. The second family, Crni-OBB, most likely represents a non-classical Class II locus in crocodiles and was characterized by reduced levels of diversity. Analysis suggests that Crni-OBB loci have evolved in a divergent manner to those of the Crni-OAB as balancing selection was not detected within the putative PBR. Results from this study suggest that duplication followed by a recombination event has most likely led to the formation of two distinct crocodilian Class II 13 gene families. Secondly, the relative contributions of balancing selection and random genetic drift in the evolution of extant MHC diversity are examined in a natural population of the Nile crocodile. Temporal variation in allele frequencies for MHC and microsatellite loci was assessed in four successive cohorts of crocodiles from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Results from this study suggest that a combination of short-term neutral forces such as random genetic drift, together with longer-term selection influence variation at Class II loci in the Okavango Nile crocodile. Loci within the MHC of the Nile crocodile appear to be evolving within a dynamic framework of selection, random genetic drift and recombination. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the respective influence of demography and selection on allele frequencies in a natural population of crocodilians

The Effect Of Industry Upon Agriculture In Bowie County, Texas

Upon approaching the time for writing a thesis as a partial requirement for graduation, it was felt lay the writer that research should be done in an area which would promote improvement in his local community. After giving several subjects adequate consideration and discussing the idea with various agencies, it was revealed that industry has had a tremendous effect on agriculture in Bowie county. Therefore, the writer was encouraged by these findings to do further research in this particular area. According to Meine the greatest source of the world\u27s food supply in times of peach as well as in war, agriculture in the United States merits a thorough study. The growth of agriculture throughout our country*s history records the native spirit of progress. While European agriculture was preoccupied with the breakup of old and worn-out lands, the Europeans who landed eat the shores of the New World found spread before them vast areas of untouched, fertile soil. Much of it was not ready for the plow boulders, underbrush and trees had to be removed before crops could be planted. Establishing a food supply was the first problem in this the colonists were helped by the Indians, who gave them food and showed them how to plant such native crops as com, pumpkins, and squash. European crops, such as wheat, oats, and barley were planted later, livestock was brought from Europe to found new herds in the new world. Because of the distance from Europe and the difficulties of transportation in the colonies, most of the s tilers, especially in the first years, had to provide themselves with nearly everything they needed. From their land, they obtained their food material for their clothing was supplied from flocks of sheep and fields of cotton or flax. Honey and maple sap gave the sugar, and for strong drink, they made their own whiskey and cider

ENEMY UNDER THE TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT AND SOME PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

When the United States entered this war and even before, it was evident that the measures and definitions of the Trading with the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, were obsolete instruments with which to cope, in economic and psychological warfare, with such dangerous enemies as the Axis, particularly Germany. Germany\u27s preparations and planning for the war date back two decades, but took on intensified and conspicuous form only after the access of the Nazis to power. In all types of warfare numerous weapons, devices and means are openly or secretly used. Camouflage is not the exclusive domain of military warfare; it is more frequently and more successfully used in economic and psychological warfare. Various forms-commercial enterprises of many different types, organizations whose names hold them out as pursuing scientific, humanitarian, or other philanthropic or beneficent purposes--are used as cloaks for hostile and subversive activities. Various types of dummies are employed to achieve the end of the real undisclosed principals. Nationality and citizenship are among the most expedient disguises used, the nationality of the adversary being occasionally assumed to shield insidious activities directed against it

THE TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT

The purpose of this paper is to discuss two aspects of the Trading with the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917: (1) The evolution of the T.E.A. through legislative enactments and executive orders; (2) Some problems of constitutional and administrative law raised by the last amendment to the act