The effects of a single bout of exercise on resting energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio.

We investigated the effects of a single bout of aerobic and resistance exercise of similar relative intensity and duration on resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate utilisation. Ten young healthy males volunteered [age 22 (1.8) years, weight 76 (7.9) kg, height 176 (4.1) cm, percentage body fat 10.5 (4.0)%; mean (SEM)]. They randomly underwent three conditions in which they either lifted weights for 60 min at 70-75% of 1-RM (WL), ran for 60 min at 70-75% of maximal oxygen intake (R) or did not exercise (C). REE and substrate utilisation, determined via respiratory exchange ratio ( R), were measured prior to exercise, and 10, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. It was revealed that REE was significantly elevated ( P<0.05) 10 and 24 h after the end of WL [2,124 (78) and 2,081 (76) kcal, respectively] compared to pre-exercise [1,972 (82) kcal]. REE was also significantly increased ( P<0.05) 10 and 48 h after the completion of R [2,150 (73) and 1,995 (74) kcal, respectively] compared to pre-exercise data [1,862 (70) kcal]. R was lower 10 and 24 h following either WL or R [0.813 (0.043); 0.843 (0.040) and 0.818 (0.021); 0.832 (0.021), respectively] compared to baseline measurements [0.870 (0.025) and 0.876 (0.04), respectively]. Creatine kinase was significantly elevated ( P<0.05) 24 h after both WL and R, whereas delayed onset muscle soreness became significantly elevated ( P<0.05) 24 h after only WL. There were no significant changes for any treatment in thyroid hormones (T(3) and T(4)). These results suggest that a single bout of either WL or R exercise, characterised by the same relative intensity and duration, increase REE and fat oxidation for at least 24 h post-exercise

Free throw shooting accuracy as a function of eye-hand dominance

Comparaison de la performance au lancer franc chez des étudiants débutants en basketball ayant une dominance oeil-main croisée (contralatérale) ou de même coté (ipsolatérale

Changes of plasma fibrinogen and fibrinolysis in response to competition stress in swimming coaches

Aim. The aim of the paper is to investigate the effects of competition stress in swimming coaches. Methods. The effect of competition stress on fibrinogen and t-PA antigen concentrations was studied in 14 coaches during an international swimming meeting. Three blood samples were collected at the 1(st) day of the swimming meeting: a) 30 min before the start of the 1(st) event of the morning session, b) 10 min before the start of the most important event, and c) during the event itself. These were analyzed for plasma fibrinogen and t-PA antigen. Results. An increase of plasma fibrinogen and t-PA antigen was observed during the race compared to 30 min before the start of the 1st day's event and 10 min before the race. Conclusion. It is concluded that competition stress in a very important event has significant effects on plasma fibrinogen and t-PA antigen concentrations

BLOOD OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS AFTER ULTRAMARATHON SWIMMING

Kabasakalis, A, Kyparos, A, Tsalis, G, Loupos, D, Pavlidou, A, and Kouretas, D. Blood oxidative stress markers after ultramarathon swimming. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 805-811, 2011-Data on redox balance in response to marathon swimming are lacking, whereas findings from studies using other types of ultraendurance exercise are controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ultramarathon swimming on selective blood oxidative stress markers. Five well-trained male swimmers aged 28.8 (6.0) years participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained before and after the ultramarathon swimming, for full blood count analysis and determination of protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The swimmers swam 19.4 (3.4) hours, covering 50.5 (15.0) km. Hematocrit and erythrocyte count, and leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts were significantly elevated after swimming, whereas protein carbonyls, TBARS and TAC did not significantly change. The findings of the present study indicate that well-trained swimmers were able to regulate a redox homeostasis during ultra-long duration swimming. It is also postulated that the relatively low intensity of marathon swimming may not be a sufficient stimulus to induce oxidative stress in well-trained swimmers. The fact that low-intensity long-duration exercise protocols are not associated with oxidative damage is useful knowledge for coaches and athletes in scheduling the content of the training sessions that preceded and followed these exercise protocols

Is Speed Reserve Related to Critical Speed and Anaerobic Distance Capacity in Swimming?

This study examines the relationship between speed reserve (SRes), critical swimming speed (CSS), and anaerobic distance capacity (ADC) and their efficacy in determining training adaptations. Swimmers with previous competitive experience participated in an 8-week aerobic training program (experimental group: E; n 15, age: 22.29 ± 0.95 years) and a control group refrained from training during the same period (C; n 6, age: 22.25 ± 2.22 years). Speed reserve was determined before and after training from the speed difference between the 50 and 400 m maximum tests. Both CSS and ADC were calculated using 2 different combinations of distances (50 and 400 m: CSS 2 /ADC 2; 50, 100, and 400 m: CSS 3 /ADC 3) by applying the distance-time linear regression model. CSS 2 and CSS 3 of the E group showed a negative correlation, whereas ADC 2 and ADC 3 showed a positive correlation, with SRes before and after the training period (r ≥ -0.66, r ≥ 0.88, p ≤ 0.05). CSS 2 and CSS 3 increased by 5.5 ± 3.2 and 6.0 ± 3.2%, whereas ADC 2, ADC 3, and SRes decreased by 12.0 ± 9.4, 9.0 ± 11.2, and 8.1 ± 8.4% with the training program (p ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that SRes, as calculated from distances of 50 and 400 m, shows strong relationships with CSS and ADC and may be used as an indicator of training-induced changes. This information is expected to facilitate training control and evaluation in a day-to-day basis. © 2015 National Strength and Conditioning Association

Redox, iron, and nutritional status of children during swimming training

Effects of exercise training oil important determinants of children's long-term health, Such as redox and iron Status, have not been adequately investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in markers of the redox, iron and nutritional status of boy and girl swimmers during a prolonged period of training. 11 boys and 13 girls, aged 10-11 years, were members of a swimming club. They were assessed at the beginning of the training season, at 13 weeks and at 23 weeks through blood sampling and recording of the diet. Reduced glutathione increased at 13 and 23 weeks, whereas oxidised glutathione decreased at 13 weeks, resulting in an increase of the reduced/oxidised glutathione ratio at 13 and 23 weeks. Total antioxidant capacity, catalase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive Substances, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation and ferritin did not change significantly. Carbohydrate intake was below 50% of energy and fat intake was above 40% of energy. Intakes of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were excessive. Iron intake was adequate but intakes of folate, vitamin E, calcium and magnesium did not meet the recommended daily allowances. No significant differences were found between sexes in any of the parameters measured. In Conclusion, child swimmers improved the redox status Of glutathione during training, although the intake of antioxidant nutrients did not change. The iron status was not impaired by training. Suboptimal intake of several nutrients suggests the need for nutritional monitoring and education of children athletes. (C) 2008 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved