Stock assessment and population dynamics of Senegal Jack, Caranx senegallus Cuvier, 1833, from industrial fishery of Cote d’Ivoire (West Africa)

Monthly data of C. senegallus length composition, was recorded from the continental shelf of Côte d’Ivoire from March 2016 to February 2018. The population parameters such as length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, growth, mortality, exploitation ratio and length at first capture of this species were investigated to get information for effective management of this fish, by applying Beverton and Holt (1957), virtual population analysis (VPA), using the FISAT Tool II. The lengthfrequency distribution of 804 samples showed polymodal distribution. The folk length ranged from 16.10 to 47.00 cm with a mean equal to 25.68 ± 0.23 cm. The statistical analysis shows that the combined sexes (“b” = 2.9793), and male (“b” = 3.0199) growth is isometric. However, female (“b” = 2.9489) growth is negative allometric. The estimated growth parameters were: FL ∞ = 51.45 cm, K = 0.46 year-1 and t0 = -0.31 year-1. The length at first capture was 19.04 cm (FL). The current exploitation rate (E = 0.33), was lower than the optimum level (E = 0.36). VPA indicate that the fish which die by natural mortality are higher than those which die by fishing mortality. These results show that the current stock of C. senegallus is not overexploited. Keywords: Carangidae, Caranx senegallus, Stock, Population parameters, Fishery   English Title: Gestion des stocks et dynamique des populations du carangue du sénégal, caranx Senegallus Cuvier, 1833, de la pêche industrielle de côte d’ivoire (Afrique de l’ouest) Les données mensuelles sur la composition en taille de C. senegallus, ont été enregistrées sur le plateau continental de la Côte d’Ivoire entre mars 2016 et février 2018. Les paramètres de population tels que la distribution des fréquences de taille, la relation longueur-poids, la croissance, la mortalité, le taux d’exploitation et la taille de première capture de cette espèce ont été étudiés pour obtenir des informations permettant une gestion efficace du stock de ce poisson, par la méthode de Beverton et Holt (1957) et l’analyse de population virtuelle, grâce au logiciel FISAT II. La distribution des fréquences de taille de 804 individus a montré une distribution polymodale. La longueur à la fourche variait de 16,10 à 47,00 cm avec une moyenne égale à 25,68 ± 0,23 cm. L’analyse statistique montre que la croissance des sexes combinée (“b” = 2,9793) et des mâles (“b” =  3,0199) est isométrique. Tandis que, la croissance des femelles (“b” = 2,9489) est allométrique négative. Les paramètres de croissance estimés ont  été les suivants : FL ∞ = 51,45 cm, K = 0,46 an-1 et t0 = - 0,31 an-1. La longueur à la première capture a été de 19,04 cm (FL). Le taux d’exploitation  actuel (E = 0,33), était inférieur au niveau optimal (E = 0,36). L’Analyse des Populations Virtuelles indique que les poissons qui meurent par mortalité naturelle sont plus élevés que ceux qui meurent par mortalité par pêche. Ces résultats montrent que le stock actuel de C. senegallus n’est pas  surexploité. Mots clés : Carangidae, Caranx senegallus, Stock, Paramètres des populations, Pêcheri

Pancreatitis in a patient with cystic fibrosis taking ivacaftor

Pancreatitis is rare in pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis patients. While pancreatic insufficiency has been considered irreversible until now, in the current era of new therapies with modulators of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator CFTR channel, there are reports of improvement of pancreatic exocrine function. We describe the case of an adolescent with cystic fibrosis who developed pancreatitis after the partial recovery of pancreatic function while taking ivacaftor. This case adds to the limited body of evidence that CFTR modulators lead to the improvement of pancreatic exocrine function in cystic fibrosis. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Nebulizer care and inhalation technique in children with cystic fibrosis

Nebulizers are used by the great majority of cystic fibrosis patients for delivery of cornerstone treatments. Inhalation technique and adequate disinfection and maintenance are important for optimizing medication delivery. In this study, inhalation technique and nebulizer disinfection/maintenance were assessed in cystic fibrosis patients by direct observation in clinic and completion of a scoring sheet. A total of 108 patients were recruited. The maximum inhalation technique score was attained by 30.5% and adequate inhalation technique score by 74.08% of patients. The inhalation technique score was best with the vibrating mesh nebulizer (p = 0.038), while patient age and number of nebulized medications did not affect ITS significantly (p > 0.05). Nebulizer disinfection/maintenance score was excellent in only 31.48%. Most families kept the nebulizer clean and used appropriate disinfection method, but only half of them replaced the nebulizer and nebulizer cup at the recommended time intervals. Nebulizer disinfection/maintenance score was positively affected by a number of nebulized medications and negatively by years of equipment use (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). Even though inhalation technique and disinfection/maintenance practices were found to be adequate in a large proportion of cases, there is still a need for regular review and education. The type of nebulizer was associated with improved inhalation technique, but more data are required before making specific recommendations. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Nocturnal oximetry in children with obstructive lung disease or sleep-disordered breathing

Objectives: Although progress has been made in the standardized interpretation of nocturnal oximetry in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), no evidence exists on oximetry abnormalities in other respiratory disorders. We aimed to compare obstructive lung disease (OLD) and SDB regarding nocturnal oximetry parameters. Methods: We analyzed oximetry recordings from children with (i) OLD (obliterative bronchiolitis; cystic fibrosis); (ii) snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (SDB); and (iii) no respiratory disorder (controls). The three groups were compared regarding: (i) oxygen desaturation of hemoglobin index (SpO 2 drops ≥3%/h-ODI3) and (ii) basal SpO 2 (average SpO 2 between SpO 2 drops). The associations of oximetry parameters (natural logarithm) with study group were tested using linear regression including age as covariate. Results: Data of 16 subjects with OLD (median age: 7.3 years; Q25, Q75: 5.4, 12), 22 children with SDB (6.3 years; 4, 9) and 22 controls (6.8 years; 5.6, 10.3) were analyzed. Children with OLD or SDB had significantly lower basal SpO 2 than controls (91.9% [90.8, 93.4] vs 96.3% [96, 97.4] vs 97.6% [97.1, 97.9]; P < 0.01). No subjects in the SDB or control groups had basal SpO 2 < 95%. Children with SDB had significantly higher ODI3 than children with OLD or controls [8.4 episodes/h (6.2, 16.6) vs 4.4 episodes/h (3.6, 6.6) vs 2 episodes/h (1.3, 2.7); P < 0.01]. OLD had the greatest negative effect on basal SpO 2 (R 2 = 0.62; P < 0.001) and SDB the greatest positive effect on ODI3 (R 2 = 0.34; P < 0.001). Conclusion: OLD is associated mostly with reduced basal SpO 2 , whereas SDB is characterized by elevated ODI3. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc