Genetic studies of resistance to nematodes and rice yellow mottle virus in rice

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

INSTABILITÉ DU RÉGIME CLIMATIQUE ET DYNAMIQUE DES SYSTÈMES PASTORAUX DANS LA COMMUNE DE SINENDE AU NORD-BENIN

International audienceLes activités pastorales occupent une place importante dans l’économie locale de la commune de Sinendé, dans le domaine du climat soudanien au Nord du Bénin. Cette étude vise à y analyser l’influence du rythme climatique sur le système pastoral. Les données d’étude sont les précipitations et températures mensuelles de Kandi et de Bembèrèkè sur la période 1961-2012 de même que les informations sur les activités pastorales. Le calcul des indices standardisés et des taux de variation a permis d’analyser l’instabilité climatique à travers cinq régimes pluviométriques. L’incidence du climat sur le système pastoral a été déterminée. Dans la commune de Sinendé, les pluies annuelles varient de +37 % en régime très humide à -22 % en régime très sec ; de +17 % en régime humide à -14 % en régime sec, comparé à un régime climatique normal. La température moyenne a augmenté de 0,03 °C/an et le bilan climatique est négatif à l’échelle interannuelle (-657,5 mm) et annuelle (-55 mm). En fonction des phases climatiques humide ou sèche, le système pastoral varie du type sédentaire au nomade ou agropastoral. De même, en régime de climat humide, les fourrages herbacés et les points d’eau naturels (cours et plans d’eau) sont plus utilisés que les résidus de récolte, les fourrages ligneux et l’eau des aménagements hydro-pastoraux (barrages, puits, forages, etc.) en période sèche. La sensibilité des systèmes pastoraux à la variation climatique permettrait de mieux orienter les politiques de développement du secteur élevage en milieu semi-aride du Bénin

Evaluation of the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists about the national malaria control policy in southern Benin

Abstract Background The national strategy against malaria in an endemic country should involve all the health stakeholders. In Benin, the private sector is rarely present in the activities of the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), and its surveillance system does not cover private sector outlets that are a non-negligible part of the healthcare system. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the drug delivery practices within private pharmacies of Cotonou and Porto-Novo and the awareness of medicine providers concerning the national policy of malaria treatment. Methods A survey was performed among pharmacy staff members responsible for dispensing medicines and providing advice to patients within pharmacies of Cotonou and Porto-Novo. Dispensing/pharmacy assistants (‘dispensators’) from 82 pharmacies in Cotonou and 19 in Porto-Novo were surveyed. Data entry was performed using Epidata 3.1 software and data analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 21.1. Chi square test was used to compare proportions. A significance threshold of 0.05 was defined for the p value. Results 46% of providers did not know the artemisinin-based combination therapy recommended by the NMCP for treating uncomplicated malaria. 58.7% were not able to recognize the gravity signs of malaria. 89.8% of dispensators were used to deliver an anti-malarial upon patient request, without prior biological confirmation as requested by the NMCP policy. Conclusions Dispensing practices within the studied pharmacies from Cotonou and Porto-Novo were not in adequacy with the NMCP guidelines for uncomplicated malaria, which is a striking weakness in the training of drug providers on key elements of the guidelines for managing malaria. The NMCP needs to help dispensator from private pharmacies sector to standardize drug delivery practices according to its guidelines

Workshop – Evaluation of education development projects

Evaluation is an old concept and, at least implicitly, all faculty members do it. So why should you attend a workshop on the subject? Here are a few reasons: (1) More NSF reviewers expect to see an evaluation plan in a proposal. (2) To ensure educational research progresses, we must know what works and how well it works. (3) Properly done, formative evaluation can direct you to more effective teaching. (4) Defendable data can help administrators make fair and quantifiable performance appraisals. This workshop will not make you an evaluation expert but it will enable you to collaborate more effectively with evaluation experts. You will be able to apply evaluation methods in your classroom and you will be able to read and comprehend evaluation plans for projects. After the session, you will be able to recognize basic terminology, list the importance of goals, outcomes and questions and describe how they comprise an evaluation plan. You will learn about several evaluation tools and be able to discuss some of their advantages, limitations and appropriateness. You will be able to list confounding factors in data interpretation and explain multiple interpretations

A mini-workshop on how people learn

Don\u27t give me the theory, just show me how to do it! Have your students ever said that? Theory is what allows someone to know why something works and whether you might expect it to work in a new context. Education theory does the same, yet the theories and principles are difficult to gather, digest and apply. This workshop is intended to introduce a small but effective set of learning theories. You will not be an expert, but you should be able to develop proposal ideas that are founded on proven theories