351 research outputs found
Argue but obey? Questioning Kant’s enlightenment
Este trabajo enfoca la célebre distinción de Kant entre el uso privado y público de la razón, tal y como se presenta en su opúsculo Respuesta a la pregunta ¿Qué es la Ilustración? Tras analizar la distinción de Kant, le dirijo diez críticas específicas, concluyendo que su apoyo a la máxima de Friedrich “Razonad, pero obedeced”, es un mal consejo.This essay focuses on Kant’s famous distinction between the public and private use of reason, as presented in his short essay An Answer to the Question, What is Enlightenment? After analyzing Kant’s distinction, I present ten specific criticisms of it, concluding that his endorsement of Friedrich’s maxim, “Argue but obey” is poor advice
El Kant de Foucault
Muchos kantianos se mostraron asombrados, muy asombrados, cuando supieron que Michel Foucault, satisfaciendo parte de las exigencias de su doctorado en filosofía, no sólo había traducido, sino también escrito un detallado ensayo interpretativo de la Antropología en sentido pragmático de Kant
Kantian anthropology: a science like no other
In this essay I begin by examining Kant’s criteria for “proper science” as presented in the Preface to his Metaphysical Foundations of Science, and then ask whether Kantian anthropology can possibly qualify as a proper science according to these demanding criteria. I defend a qualified ‘yes’ answer to this question, while also drawing attention to several less tidy aspects of his anthropology project that are difficult to fit onto the Procrustean bed of science
High-energy environment of super-Earth 55 Cnc e I: Far-UV chromospheric variability as a possible tracer of planet-induced coronal rain
The irradiation of close-in planets by their star influences their evolution
and might be responsible for a population of ultra-short period planets eroded
to their bare core. In orbit around a bright, nearby G-type star, the
super-Earth 55 Cnc e offers the possibility to address these issues through UV
transit observations. We used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe the transit
in the FUV over 3 epochs in Apr. 2016, Jan. 2017, and Feb. 2017. These
observations reveal significant short- and long-term variability in 55 Cnc
chromospheric emission lines. In the last 2 epochs, we detected a larger flux
in the C III, Si III, and Si IV lines after the planet passed the approaching
quadrature, followed by a flux decrease in the Si IV doublet. In the second
epoch these variations are contemporaneous with flux decreases in the Si II and
C II doublet. All epochs show flux decreases in the N V doublet as well, albeit
at different orbital phases. These flux decreases are consistent with
absorption from optically thin clouds of gas, are mostly localized at low and
redshifted radial velocities in the star rest frame, and occur preferentially
before and during the transit. These 3 points make it unlikely that the
variations are purely stellar, yet we show that the occulting material is also
unlikely to originate from the planet. We tentatively propose that the motion
of 55 Cnc e at the fringes of the stellar corona leads to the formation of a
cool coronal rain. The inhomogeneity and temporal evolution of the stellar
corona would be responsible for the differences between the visits. Additional
variations are detected in the C II doublet in the first epoch and in the O I
triplet in all epochs with a different behavior that points toward intrinsic
stellar variability. Further observations at FUV wavelengths are required to
disentangle between star-planet interactions and the activity of the starComment: 22 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Precision study of 6p 2Pj - 8s 2S1/2 relative transition matrix elements in atomic Cs
A combined experimental and theoretical study of transition matrix elements
of the 6p 2Pj - 8s 2S1/2 transition in atomic Cs is reported. Measurements of
the polarization-dependent two-photon excitation spectrum associated with the
transition were made in an approximately 200 cm-1 range on the low frequency
side of the 6s 2S1/2 - 6p 2P3/2 resonance. The measurements depend
parametrically on the relative transition matrix elements, but also are
sensitive to far-off-resonance 6s 2S1/2 - np 2Pj - 8s 2S1/2 transitions. In the
past, this dependence has yielded a generalized sum rule, the value of which is
dependent on sums of relative two-photon transition matrix elements. In the
present case, best available determinations from other experiments are combined
with theoretical matrix elements to extract the ratio of transition matrix
elements for the 6p 2Pj - 8s 2S1/2 (j = 1/2,3/2) transition. The resulting
experimental value of 1.423(2) is in excellent agreement with the theoretical
value, calculated using a relativistic all-order method, of 1.425(2)
Potential influence of selection criteria on the demographic composition of students in an Australian medical school
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prior to 1999 students entering our MBBS course were selected on academic performance alone. We have now evaluated the impact on the demographics of subsequent cohorts of our standard entry students (those entering directly from high school) of the addition to the selection process of an aptitude test (UMAT), a highly structured interview and a rural incentive program.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Students entering from 1985 to 1998, selected on academic performance alone (N = 1402), were compared to those from 1999 to 2011, selected on the basis of a combination of academic performance, interview score, and UMAT score together with the progressive introduction of a rural special entry pathway (N = 1437).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Males decreased from 57% to 45% of the cohort, students of NE or SE Asian origin decreased from 30% to 13%, students born in Oceania increased from 52% to 69%, students of rural origin from 5% to 21% and those from independent high schools from 56% to 66%. The proportion of students from high schools with relative socio-educational disadvantage remained unchanged at approximately 10%. The changes reflect in part increasing numbers of female and independent high school applicants and the increasing rural quota. However, they were also associated with higher interview scores in females vs males and lower interview scores in those of NE and SE Asian origin compared to those born in Oceania or the UK. Total UMAT scores were unrelated to gender or region of origin.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The revised selection processes had no impact on student representation from schools with relative socio-educational disadvantage. However, the introduction of special entry quotas for students of rural origin and a structured interview, but not an aptitude test, were associated with a change in gender balance and ethnicity of students in an Australian undergraduate MBBS course.</p
A process evaluation of "We Can Quit":a community based smoking cessation intervention targeting women from areas of socio-disadvantage in Ireland
Mapping Exoplanets
The varied surfaces and atmospheres of planets make them interesting places
to live, explore, and study from afar. Unfortunately, the great distance to
exoplanets makes it impossible to resolve their disk with current or near-term
technology. It is still possible, however, to deduce spatial inhomogeneities in
exoplanets provided that different regions are visible at different
times---this can be due to rotation, orbital motion, and occultations by a
star, planet, or moon. Astronomers have so far constructed maps of thermal
emission and albedo for short period giant planets. These maps constrain
atmospheric dynamics and cloud patterns in exotic atmospheres. In the future,
exo-cartography could yield surface maps of terrestrial planets, hinting at the
geophysical and geochemical processes that shape them.Comment: Updated chapter for Handbook of Exoplanets, eds. Deeg & Belmonte. 17
pages, including 6 figures and 4 pages of reference
Global Climate and Atmospheric Composition of the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-103b from HST and Spitzer Phase Curve Observations
We present thermal phase curve measurements for the hot Jupiter WASP-103b
observed with Hubble/WFC3 and Spitzer/IRAC. The phase curves have large
amplitudes and negligible hotspot offsets, indicative of poor heat
redistribution to the nightside. We fit the phase variation with a range of
climate maps and find that a spherical harmonics model generally provides the
best fit. The phase-resolved spectra are consistent with blackbodies in the
WFC3 bandpass, with brightness temperatures ranging from K on the
nightside to K on the dayside. The dayside spectrum has a
significantly higher brightness temperature in the Spitzer bands, likely due to
CO emission and a thermal inversion. The inversion is not present on the
nightside. We retrieved the atmospheric composition and found the composition
is moderately metal-enriched ( solar)
and the carbon-to-oxygen ratio is below 0.9 at confidence. In
contrast to cooler hot Jupiters, we do not detect spectral features from water,
which we attribute to partial HO dissociation. We compare the phase curves
to 3D general circulation models and find magnetic drag effects are needed to
match the data. We also compare the WASP-103b spectra to brown dwarfs and young
directly imaged companions and find these objects have significantly larger
water features, indicating that surface gravity and irradiation environment
play an important role in shaping the spectra of hot Jupiters. These results
highlight the 3D structure of exoplanet atmospheres and illustrate the
importance of phase curve observations for understanding their complex
chemistry and physics.Comment: 25 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables; accepted to A
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