Re-thinking the incrementalist thesis in China: a reflection on the development of the minimum standard of living scheme in urban and rural areas

Many commentators contend that the Chinese government adopted an incremental approach to welfare policy reform because its leaders lacked an overall blueprint for it, allowing initiatives to be implemented only after lengthy experimentation. While this perspective has provided an essential account of the implementation and changes of some welfare programmes, it has inadequately addressed the slow progress in rural areas' welfare programmes and the different welfare entitlements for rural and urban residents. Further investigation is therefore required to resolve these anomalies. Using the minimum standard of living scheme (MSLS) as a case example, this article illustrates how the Chinese government's legitimacy needs, during different stages of its economic reforms, have been the principal motivation for the implementation of such schemes. The introduction of an urban MSLS in 1997 aimed to reduce laid-off workers' dissatisfaction following the government's reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The implementation of a rural MSLS in 2007 was intended principally to minimise conflicts between land-losing farmers and local officials after widespread rural riots. These MSLSs are also minimal and stigmatising public-assistance schemes that fulfil the dual objective of securing a stable political environment for economic reform and maintaining poor people's work ethic for China's mixed economy

Prognostic Value of Survivin in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

The potential prognostic value of survivin in resected non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is variably reported. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literatures evaluating survivin expression in resected NSCLC as a prognostic indicator.Relevant literatures were identified using PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedicine Databases. We present the results of a meta-analysis of the association between survivin expression and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Subgroup analyses and publication bias were also conducted. = 26.9%). Its effect also appeared significant when stratified according to the studies categorized by histological type, HR estimate, patient race, cutoff point (5%, 10%), detection methods and literature written language except for disease stage. Survivin was identified as a prognostic marker of advanced-stage NSCLC (HR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.49-2.51), but not early-stage NSCLC (HR = 1.97, 95%CI: 0.76-5.14), in spite of the combined data being relatively small.This study shows that survivin expression appears to be a pejorative prognostic factor in terms of overall survival in surgically treated NSCLC. Large prospective studies are now needed to confirm the clinical utility of survivin as an independent prognostic marker

Interplay between multiple charge-density waves and the relationship with superconductivity in Pdx_xHoTe3_{3}

HoTe$_{3}$, a member of the rare-earth tritelluride ($R$Te$_{3}$) family, and its Pd-intercalated compounds, Pd$_x$HoTe$_{3}$, where superconductivity (SC) sets in as the charge-density wave (CDW) transition is suppressed by the intercalation of a small amount of Pd, are investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and electrical resistivity. Two incommensurate CDWs with perpendicular nesting vectors are observed in HoTe$_{3}$ at low temperatures. With a slight Pd intercalation ($x$ = 0.01), the large CDW gap decreases and the small one increases. The momentum dependence of the gaps along the inner Fermi surface (FS) evolves from orthorhombicity to near tetragonality, manifesting the competition between two CDW orders. At $x$ = 0.02, both CDW gaps decreases with the emergence of SC. Further increasing the content of Pd for $x$ = 0.04 will completely suppress the CDW instabilities and give rise to the maximal SC order. The evolution of the electronic structures and electron-phonon couplings (EPCs) of the multiple CDWs upon Pd intercalation are carefully scrutinized. We discuss the interplay between multiple CDW orders, and the competition between CDW and SC in detail.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Key technologies of TH-2 satellite system

The TH-2 satellite system is the first microwave surveying satellite system based on interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology and the first short-range formation satellite system in China. It is composed of two equal satellites, and the satellites formation in different orbits and the bistatic radar transceiver mode are adopted. By using satellite formations to form the baseline needed for interference, it can measure the global digital surface models by scale of 1∶50 000 in a short time and acquire radar orthophotos at the same time. This paper gives a detailed introduction of the InSAR measurement principle and the technical system of TH-2 is also expounded carefully. To ensure the performance of system and the accuracy of product, several key techniques such as satellite formation, cooperative mode of two satellites, high-precision internal calibration, baseline determination, high-precision baseline measurement, high-precision baseline calibration, imaging of high phase fidelity and absolute ambiguity number calculation using dual-frequency need to be solved. These key technologies are analyzed in this paper, and the solutions are proposed. During the development of the TH-2 satellite system, simulation data and semi-physical simulation test were used to verify the feasibility of the main key technology solutions. After the satellites were launched, the on orbit test showed that the system was operating in good condition and the main performance indicators were better than the designed indicators, which further verified the feasibility of the key technology solutions and the correctness of these methods