The Thermal Cis-Transisomerization of Cinnamic Acid Catalyzed by Iodine

In this investigation, a study was made of the kinetics and mechanism suggested by the kinetics of the iodine-catalyzed thermal conversion of cis-cinnamic acid to trans-cinnamic acid. Berthoud and Urech studied the kinetics of the iodine-sensitized photo-chemical conversion of cis-cinnamic acid to trans-cinnamic acid and proposed a mechanism for it. They found that the reaction rate is given by [Equation. See abstract in scanned thesis for details] They suggested the following mechanism for the photochemical conversion: I2 + h✓ → 2I C + I → CI CI → TI TI → T + I 2I → I2 where C and T denote cis-cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamic acid, resp. Structurally, the conversion is represented as follows: [Formula. See abstract in scanned thesis for details]</p

Envisioning an Oral Healthcare Workforce for the Future

Health is critical to human well-being. Oral health is an integral component of health. One is not healthy without oral health. As health is essential to human flourishing, it is important that an oral healthcare delivery system and workforce be developed and deployed which can help ensure all citizens have the potential to access oral health care. As such access does not generally exist today, it is imperative to advance the realization of this goal and to develop a vision of an oral healthcare workforce to functionally support access. Public funding of basic oral health care is an important element to improving access. However, funding is only economically feasible if a workforce exists that is structured in a manner such that duties are assigned to individuals who have been uniquely trained to fulfill specific clinical responsibilities. An essential element of any cost-effective organizational system must be the shared responsibility of duties. Delegation must occur in the oral health workforce if competent, cost-effective care is to be provided. Desirable members of the oral health team in an efficient and effective system are as follows: generalist dentists who are educated as physicians of the stomatognathic system (oral physicians), specialist dentists, dental therapists, dental hygienists, dually trained hygienists/therapists (oral health therapists), oral prosthetists (denturists), and expanded function dental assistants (dental nurses)

The heat of adsorption of oxygen on charcoal

[No abstract available]Science, Faculty ofChemistry, Department ofGraduat

An observational study of the nurse-patient relationship in an oncology setting

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a nurse-patient relationship (NPR) in an oncology setting. Although theorists and researchers have attempted to explain the nature of the NPR, and have recognized its potential benefits, further exploration is necessary to increase our understanding of the complexities inherent in NPRs. Using qualitative ethological research methods, videotaped recordings (VTRs) of the interactions between a nurse and patient on an active cancer treatment ward were used to investigate and delineate important features of nurse-patient interactions (NPIs) that reflect the development of a NPR. A sample of sixty videotaped NPIs that represented all the interactions between one patient and one nurse over a three-day period was selected for this study. The data analysis of the VTRs was completed by reviewing all the interactions, identifying behavioral clusters, identifying constituents of behavioral clusters and constructing an ethogram. The findings of this study were validated and extended by using a focus group meeting with clinical nurse experts. Several behavioral clusters were found on each day of this three-day relationship which reflected a dynamic and complex interplay between the nurse and patient. Some patterns of interaction were observed in all three days of the relationship, while others changed as the relationship developed. A dominant theme observed in most of the interaction patterns was the one of humor. The findings of this study suggested active participation of both the nurse and patient in relationship development. The development of this NPR was reflected in the changes observed i n the behaviors of both the nurse and patient over the course of three days. The NPR is complex. Awareness of nurse and patient behaviors that contribute to the development of effective NPRs may challenge oncology nurses to reflect on their own practice and to consciously incorporate behaviors that contribute to effective NPRs into their patient care.Applied Science, Faculty ofNursing, School ofGraduat

An Observational Study of the Development of a Nurse-Patient Relationship

The purpose of this exploratory descriptive case study was to identify features of nurse-patient interactions (NPI) in the development of a nurse-patient relationship (NPR). Observations of interactions in a cancer treatment unit included 60 videotaped, sequential naturally occurring NPIs involving one dyad over a 3-day period. A microanalysis of the interactions was conducted using qualitative ethological methods. The analysis focused on identifying important recurring behavioral clusters and characteristic patterns of behavior that comprised these clusters. Important features of NPIs in the development of an NPR were identified and described in detail. The active and complementary roles of both participants in this process and the contribution of social exchange, trust, and humor are highlighted. The findings illustrate the importance of continuity of nursing care if NPRs are to be used to their fullest extent to address complex patient care needs. </jats:p