The Chinese Principal Leadership Capacities as Perceived by Master Teachers

The study addressed the following questions: (1) What are Chinese master teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ leadership capacities related to the American ELCC (2002) educational leadership program standards? (2) Do teachers’ demographic factors of gender, age, and years of teaching experience predict the perceptions of their principals’ leadership capacities? (3) Do principals’ demographic factors of gender, age, years of leadership experience, and education attainment predict the teachers’ perceptions of the principals’ leadership capacities

The Effect of Textual Enhancement Technique on Incidental Learning of Idiomatic Expressions of Iranian Intermediate Students

One of the techniques affecting incidental learning is using textual enhancement. This study was conducted in order to see whether textual enhancement positively affects incidental learning of idiomatic expressions. To do so, a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design was carried out. The participants were 40 Iranian intermediate learners selected via convenient sampling and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, 20 participants in each. Before the treatment, Idiom Knowledge Scale (IKS) test, taken from Wesche and Paribakht's (1996) was administered to both groups, as pretest. Then the experimental group was exposed to idioms presented with four different textual enhancement techniques (color-coded, bolded, Italic and sticky papers). After the treatment, IKS, was again administered to the groups, as posttest. The results of data analysis through ANCOVA indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group and that the implementation of textual techniques could enhance the incidental idiom learning

The Effect of Recast vs. Explicit Corrective Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners' Stress Patterns Learning

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of recast and explicit corrective feedback on Iranian EFL learners' stress patterns learning. After administering a Nelson test, 60 intermediate female learners out of 80 were selected from intact classes at Iranian, Eram, Jouya, and zaban Sara Language Institutes in Islam Abad Gharb, Iran. These sixty participants were randomly assigned to three groups namely, recast group (G1), explicit corrective feedback group (G2), and control group (G3), each consisting of twenty participants. After that a piloted researcher-made pretest concerning stress patterns on words and sentences was administered to the participants. Then, one of the experimental groups was treated via recast and the other one via explicit corrective feedback, and the control group via traditional method of teaching stress patterns. After the treatment, a piloted posttest administered to all groups. To analyze the data ANCOVA and One-way ANOVA were run and the results revealed that both recast and explicit corrective feedback had positive effect on the learners' stress patterns learning. However, the effect of recast was stronger than that of the explicit corrective feedback. Pedagogically, teachers, syllabus designers, and language learners may use the findings of this study in their practice

A Model for ICT Capacity Building in Very Small Island States: How does ICT usage increase per capita incomes?

Very small island states face challenges that are unique and may benefit from coordinated electronic governance strategies. They have populations of less than 1.5 million, are susceptible to natural disasters, have higher volatility in their economies, greater reliance on larger economies for trade, remittances from nationals living abroad and limited capacity in their domestic industries and public sector services. In particular, very small island states have populations of which a large portion comprise of tourists, limited resource base and tend to rely on service industries such as tourism and offshore finance to sustain their vulnerable economies. This means that these states need assistance in building their capacity to sustain economic development. In particular, there is a correlation between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage and per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which may enable greater capacity building efforts to be successful in small island states. This paper draws upon the most recent data on the very small island states to arrive at an analysis of the link between ICT usage and per capita GDP growth. Following a regression analysis of two hypotheses, further analysis is conducted to identify a multiplier effect between ICT usage and per capita GDP growth. This paper illustrates how the ICT multiplier effect takes place to bring about increases in per capita GDP. An understanding of the relationship between these two indicators can enable capacity building strategies to be developed that can contribute to sustainable development in the small island states

The speed of decreasing of arterial oxygen saturation following induction of anesthesia, using 3 methods of pre-oxygenation techniques

Background and aim: Determination of preoxygenation before anesthesia is an important factor in prevention of hypoxia and its complications. Regarding the height of Shahrekord from the sea surface (2061 m) and low level of oxygen pressure in this area (600 mg), this study was aimed to determine the onset of desaturation of oxygen following, using of three pre-oxygenation methods in apnostic adult healthy patients. Methods: In this clinical single blind study, sixty-six healthy, non-smoker adults undergoing elective surgery were randomly divided into three groups. Following the record of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart pulse from the patients, group one were not pre-oxygenated, groups two and three were pre-oxygenated with 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide and 100% oxygen, respectively for three minutes. After induction of the same anesthesia in the 3 groups, the patients were kept in apnostic until their saturated pressure O2 (SpO2) decreased to 91%. Subsequently, their systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart pulse required to achieve SpO2 of 91% were measured. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA tests. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.5±14.1 in whom 58% of them were male. All of the three groups were sex and age matched (p>0.05). The delay time to achieve SpO2 in group one, group two and group three were 44±16, 114.3±36.8 and 241.6±84, respectively (p<0.001). In all of the 3 groups, the increasing of heart pulse after the intervention was significantly different compared to before that (p<0.001). However, the difference was not significant between the groups. Conclusion: Pre-oxygenation of the patients for 3 min. before induction of anesthesia with normal breathing and with 100% oxygen would significantly increase the time required for oxygen saturation of the patients to 91%

Internet Marketing: Marketers\u27 Perception of Ethical Issues

Many businesses have been attracted to marketing on the Internet, but little attention has been given to the potential ethical issues regarding Internet marketing. Although some ethical behavior models have been proposed, relatively few have been empirically validated. This study\u27s main objective is to assess the perception of ethical issues on Internet marketing among a sample of 150 marketing executives from a Midwest business community. Results and recommendations regarding ethical issues related to Internet marketing are discussed

A Global Analysis of the Effect of IT Capacity on Development – Understanding Sourcing of Skills

The use of IT to support global processes has opened up opportunities for some countries to source skills from other countries often located in very different parts of the world. This study investigates the relationship between ICT Capacity and Skills and their effects on Economic Development from 2001 to 2005 for each of the 183 countries that are members of the United Nations. Following an analysis of ICT Capacity and its relationship to Skills and Economic Development, this paper reports positive correlations. The contribution of this paper is in the development and testing of a conceptual model that illustrates these correlations and explains why digital divides are narrowing in some countries but widening in others. This relationship between ICT capacity and skills has implications for the global sourcing of skills between countries and regions

A Cluster Analysis of Research in Information Technology for Global Development: Where to from here？

While research in Information Systems recognizes the importance of Information Technology in a global context, it continues to focus on a narrow view of IT adoption. In recognizing that the majority of innovations in IT are taking place in developing countries, it is important to find out what research is being undertaken to understand the effects of the different technologies on development outcomes. This paper conducts a cluster analysis of 214 papers from the SigGlobDev Workshop, the Information Technology for Development Journal and other Information Systems Journals and conferences which have published papers in Information Systems and Global Development. This analysis throws light on the ways in which research is being undertaken in this area. The contribution of this paper lies in identifying the key areas in which Information Systems research is addressing the ways that development outcomes are or are not being addressed, and it highlights areas that still need to be investigated