Rounding in earnings data

A report showing that although rounding in earnings data is typically ignored, its systematic nature affects some commonly used statistics based on earnings data, particularly those focusing on a specific region of the wage distribution.Wages ; Statistics

Dimere und Ketten in Praseodym(III)acetat-sesquihydrat, Pr(CH3COO)3l, 5H20

Pr(CH3COO)3· 1.5 H2O crystallizes with the triclinic system, P̄1̄ (no. 2), Z = 4, a = 844.2(4), b = 1009.8(5), c = 1340.1(7) pm, α = 87.10(5), β = 76.25(6), y = 75.65(2)°, Vm = 161.9(1) cm3/mol, R = 0.049, Rw = 0.035. The crystal structure contains centrosymmetric dimers {[Pr(CH3COO)4(H2O)]-}2 and one-dimensional chains ∞1[Pr(CH3COO)2(H2O)]+ along the [100] direction. Both units are built up by bridging acetate groups. The chains are linked by the dimers to layers parallel (101) sharing oxygen atoms. Crystal water molecules between these planes form hydrogen bonds to neighbouring layers

CsPr2(CH3COO)7, ein caesiumarmes wasserfreies ternäres Caesium-Praseodym-Acetat

Single crystals of CsPr2(CH3COO)7 were obtained from an acetic acid solution of Pr(CH3COO)3 • H2O and Cs2CO3 in a molar ratio of 4:1 at 120°C. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, PĪ (no. 2), Z = 2, a = 1028.1(5), b = 1034.6(5), c = 1199.4(6) pm, α = 84.82(2), β = 67.07(3), γ = 76.01(2)°, Vm = 343.3(3) cm3/mol, R = 0.031, Rw = 0.027. The crystal structure contains infinite chains, 1∞[Pr2(CH3COO)6], running along the [110] direction. The chains are built up by bridging acetate ions coordinated to two crystallographically different Pr3+ ions which are both surrounded by 9 oxygen ligands. These chains are linked by “intercalated” Cs(CH3COO) to layers parallel (100). Cs+ has contacts to oxygen atoms of neighbouring layers, such that a three-dimensional network is formed

Earnings, education and experience

Education ; Wages

Estimation of derivates for additive separable models

Additive regression models have a long history in nonparametric regression. It is well known that these models can be estimated at the one dimensional rate. Until recently, however, these models have been estimated by a backfitting procedure. Although the procedure converges quickly, its iterative nature makes analyzing its statistical properties difficult. Furthermore it is unclear how to estimate derivatives with this approach since it does not give a closed form for the estimator. Recently, an integration approach has been studied that allows for the derivation of a closed form for the estimator. This paper extends this approach to the simultaneous estimation of both the function and its derivatives by combining the integration procedure with a local polynomial approach. Finally the merits of this procedure with respect to the estimation of a production function subject to separability conditions are discussed. The procedure is applied to livestock production data from Wisconsin. It is shown that there is some evidence of increasing return to scale for larger farms

Estimation of Derivates for Additive Separable Models

Additive regression models have a long history in nonparametric regression. It is well known that these models can be estimated at the one dimensional rate. Until recently, however, these models have been estimated by a backfitting procedure. Although the procedure converges quickly, its iterative nature makes analyzing its statistical properties difficult. Furthermore it is unclear how to estimate derivatives with this approach since it does not give a closed form for the estimator. Recently, an integration approach has been studied that allows for the derivation of a closed form for the estimator. This paper extends this approach to the simultaneous estimation of both the function and its derivatives by combining the integration procedure with a local polynomial approach. Finally the merits of this procedure with respect to the estimation of a production function subject to separability conditions are discussed. The procedure is applied to livestock production data from Wisconsin. It is shown that there is some evidence of increasing return to scale for larger farms

Temporal stimulus properties that attract gaze to the periphery and repel gaze from fixation

Humans use saccadic eye movements to fixate different parts of their visual environment. While stimulus features that determine the location of the next fixation in static images have been extensively studied, temporal stimulus features that determine the timing of the gaze shifts received less attention. It is also unclear if stimulus features at the present gaze location can trigger gaze shifts to another location. To investigate these questions, we asked observers to switch their gaze between two blobs. In three different conditions, either the fixated blob, the peripheral blob, or both blobs were flickering. A time-frequency analysis of the flickering noise values, time locked to the gaze shifts, revealed significant phase locking in a time window 300 to 100 ms before the gaze shift at temporal frequencies below 20 Hz. The average phase angles at these time-frequency points indicated that observer´s gaze was repelled by decreasing contrast of the fixated blob and attracted by increasing contrast of the peripheral blob. These results show that temporal properties of both, fixated, and peripheral stimuli are capable of triggering gaze shifts

[Sm(CH3COO)3 (H2O)2] · CH3COOH, ein Essigsäureaddukt des Samarium(III)-acetatdihydrate

The crystal structure of the acetic acid adduct of the so far unknown samarium(III) acetate dihydrate was determined from single-crystal four-circle diffractometer data. It has the composition [Sm (CH3COO)3(H2O)2] CH3COOH containing {[Sm(CH3COO)3(H2O)2]}2 dimers and crystallizes in the trigonal system, R3̄̄̄̄, a = 2695.1(3), c = 1030.8(4) pm, Vm = 216.97(5) cm3/mol, R = 0.041, Rw = 0.030

INCENTIVES TO GO GREEN: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF MONETARY AND SYMBOLIC REWARDS TO MO-TIVATE ENERGY SAVINGS

Green information systems have been shown to contribute to environmental sustainability and help to prevent associated problems. Private households account for 25% of primary energy consumption in western countries, and therefore hold a great potential to curb the use of fossil fuels and prevent cli-mate change. As such, green information systems should not focus solely on the organizational con-text, but also target a single individual’s behaviour in their home. Personal information systems (e.g., web portals) can achieve this focus, however, need to be actively used to produce effects. System us-age can be effectively motivated through incentives, and therewith contribute to positive outcomes. Incentives are either monetary or non-monetary and can be implemented in different scales. In a large field experiment (n= 2,355), with real energy customers of a utility company, we tested the effective-ness of different types and sizes of incentive in motivating active system usage. We show that incen-tives significantly increased system usage of participants, and additionally increased energy savings. However, monetary incentives were not necessarily superior to non-monetary incentives

The Point of Destruction: Sabotage, Speech, and Progressive-Era Politics

Strike waves in the late nineteenth century United States caused widespread property destruction, but strike leaders did not suggest threats to employer property as a comprehensive strategy until the I.W.W. adopted a deliberate program of sabotage. Contrary to historical consensus, sabotage was an intellectually coherent and politically generative response to progressive, technocratic dreams of frictionless social cooperation that would have major consequences for the labor movement. This dissertation treats sabotage as a significant contribution to the intellectual debates that were generated by labor conflict and rapid industrialization and examines its role in shaping federal labor policy. It contends that the suppression of sabotage staked out the limits of acceptable speech and the American political imagination