Emotion socialization and psychological distress: The mediating roles of emotion recognition and emotion regulation

The strategies parents use when responding to their child’s emotions, particularly negative emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness, have been shown to be associated with distress later in life. In addition, both supportive and non-supportive strategies, have been correlated with emotional development, particularly emotion recognition and emotion regulation. These processes comprise emotional intelligence, which has been linked to psychological distress. Much of the research in this area has been done with children, predominantly preschoolers, and as such, research is needed with older populations, particularly emerging adults (ages 18 to 29), who are within a developmental period where psychological distress is more prevalent. As such, the current study asked emerging adults (N = 497) to retrospectively examine the way their parents responded to their negative emotions, and assessed current symptoms related to psychological distress, as well as emotional intelligence (i.e., emotion recognition and emotion regulation). Path analyses were conducted using PROCESS (Hayes, 2013) to explore two parallel mediation models in which emotion recognition and emotion regulation mediated the association between both supportive socialization strategies and non-supportive socialization strategies and psychological distress. The current results support a partial mediation between emotion socialization and distress through emotion recognition and emotion regulation. Importance is derived from the novelty of the study, evidence for the conceptual model, and intervention implications for clinicians with clients. Limitations and future directions are discussed

A Deformable Model for Magnetic Vortex Pinning

A two-parameter analytical model of the magnetic vortex in a thin disk of soft magnetic material is constructed. The model is capable of describing the change in evolution of net vortex state magnetization and of core position when the vortex core interacts with a magnetic pinning site. The model employs a piecewise, physically continuous, magnetization distribution obtained by the merger of two extensively used one-parameter analytical models of the vortex state in a disk. Through comparison to numerical simulations of ideal disks with and without pinning sites, the model is found to accurately predict the magnetization, vortex position, hysteretic transitions, and 2-D displacement of the vortex in the presence of pinning sites. The model will be applicable to the quantitative determination of vortex pinning energies from measurements of magnetization.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures, including supplementary information, ancillary files:3 supplementary movie

Michigan IDA Partnership: Year 2 Program Evaluation Report

Michigan IDA Partnership: Year 2 Program Evaluation Repor

Thermo-mechanical sensitivity calibration of nanotorsional magnetometers

We report on the fabrication of sensitive nanotorsional resonators, which can be utilized as magnetometers for investigating the magnetization dynamics in small magnetic elements. The thermo-mechanical noise is calibrated with the resonator displacement in order to determine the ultimate mechanical torque sensitivity of the magnetometer.Comment: 56th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Material

A Mechanistic Study of ERR α/γ Agonists for Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure

Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the United States and current therapeutic interventions fail to reverse the disease progression. In the failing heart, pathological cardiac remodeling leads to disease progression: a process characterized by hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic remodeling. By pharmacologically targeting the nuclear hormone receptors estrogen receptor-related receptor α and γ (ERRα and γ), it may be possible to reverse the array of metabolic pathways that are pathologically inhibited in the failing heart. Fatty acids are the primary fuel source of the adult heart that generate the ATP required for each contraction; however, in heart failure there is a shift in fuel utilization to anaerobic glycolysis. This leads to inefficient ATP production and exacerbates the progression of the failing heart. Genetic loss of function of either ERRα or γ leads to development of heart failure in mice due to a shift in fuel preference from fatty acids to glucose, which is reminiscent of the alterations observed in patients with heart failure. We have identified and characterized novel ERR agonists that can be used as pharmacological tools to examine the potential beneficial effects of targeting the receptors to treat heart failure. Examination of gene expression changes induced by ERR agonists via RNA-sequencing in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) revealed activation of many genes encoding enzymes in pathways such as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and autophagy/mitophagy. We observed an increase in electron transport chair (ETC) proteins, mitochondrial content, activity, and respiration capacity with treatment of our novel ERR agonists. Additionally, a novel role for ERR in the autophagy-lysosome pathway was elucidated. Autophagy is the cells degradative and recycling pathway that is essential for physiological cardiac function and is dysregulated in the failing heart. NRVMs treated with ERR agonists show an increase in autophagic flux measured by markers such as the LC3 and p62 proteins. Importantly, the ERR agonist directly increases the expression of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Upon ERR activation, we observed increased expression of TFEB target genes, highlighting the signaling cascade that leads to autophagy induction through ERR. In conclusion, targeting ERR is a promising potential therapeutic for improving heart function by both alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and normalizing the deficit in autophagy that occurs in the failing heart

Einstein-de Haas torque as a discrete spectroscopic probe allows nanomechanical measurement of a magnetic resonance

The Einstein-de Haas (EdH) effect is a fundamental, mechanical consequence of any temporal change of magnetism in an object. EdH torque results from conserving the object's total angular momentum: the angular momenta of all the specimen's magnetic moments, together with its mechanical angular momentum. Although the EdH effect is usually small and difficult to observe, it increases in magnitude with detection frequency. We explore the frequency-dependence of EdH torque for a thin film permalloy microstructure by employing a ladder of flexural beam modes (with five distinct resonance frequencies spanning from 3 to 208 MHz) within a nanocavity optomechanical torque sensor via magnetic hysteresis curves measured at mechanical resonances. At low DC fields the gyrotropic resonance of a magnetic vortex spin texture overlaps the 208 MHz mechanical mode. The massive EdH mechanical torques arising from this co-resonance yield a fingerprint of vortex core pinning and depinning in the sample. The experimental results are discussed in relation to mechanical torques predicted from both macrospin (at high DC magnetic field) and finite-difference solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. A global fit of the LLG solutions to the frequency-dependent data reveals a statistically significant discrepancy between the experimentally observed and simulated torque phase behaviours at spin texture transitions that can be reduced through the addition of a time constant to the conversion between magnetic cross-product torque and mechanical torque, constrained by experiment to be in the range of 0.5 - 4 ns.Comment: 39 pages, 17 figures total (Main: 22 pages, 8 figures; Supplement: 17 pages, 9 figures