8 research outputs found
A mass formula for baryon resonances
Light-baryon resonances with u,d, and s quarks only can be classified using
the non-relativistic quark model. When we assign to baryon resonances with
total angular momenta J intrinsic orbital angular momenta L and spin S we make
the following observations: plotting the squared masses of the light-baryon
resonances against these intrinsic orbital angular momenta L, Delta's with even
and odd parity can be described by the same Regge trajectory. For a given L,
nucleon resonances with spin S=3/2 are approximately degenerate in mass with
Delta resonances of same total orbital momentum L. To which total angular
momentum L and S couple has no significant impact on the baryon mass. Nucleons
with spin 1/2 are shifted in mass; the shift is - in units of squared masses -
proportional to the component in the wave function which is antisymmetric in
spin and flavor. Sequential resonances in the same partial wave are separated
in mass square by the same spacing as observed in orbital angular momentum
excitations. Based on these observations, a new baryon mass formula is proposed
which reproduces nearly all known baryon masses.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Nucleon resonances in the fourth resonance region
Nucleon and resonances in the fourth resonance region are studied in
a multichannel partial-wave analysis which includes nearly all available data
on pion- and photo-induced reactions off protons. In the high-mass range, above
1850\,MeV, several alternative solutions yield a good description of the data.
For these solutions, masses, widths, pole residues and photo-couplings are
given. In particular, we find evidence for nucleon resonances with
spin-parities . For one set of solutions, there are four
resonances forming naturally a spin-quartet of resonances with orbital angular
momentum L=2 and spin S=3/2 coupling to . Just below 1.9\,GeV we
find a spin doublet of resonances with and . Since a spin
partner with is missing at this mass, the two resonances form a
spin doublet which must have a symmetric orbital-angular-momentum wave function
with L=1. For another set of solutions, the four positive-parity resonances are
accompanied by mass-degenerate negative-parity partners -- as suggested by the
conjecture of chiral symmetry restoration. The possibility of a spin doublet at 1900\,MeV belonging to a 20-plet is discussed.Comment: 16 page
Distribution and isotopic composition of lead in bottom sediments from the hydrographic system of Belém, Pará (western margin of Guajará Bay and Carnapijó River)
Distribution and isotopic composition of lead in bottom sediments from the hydrographic system of Belém, Pará (western margin of Guajará Bay and Carnapijó River)
ABSTRACT: This study first aimed to evaluate the effect of human activities on the distribution of lead within the estuarine system of Belém, Pará. This was achieved by studying the concentration and isotopic signature of Pb in bottom sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay and from Carnapijó River, an area removed from the influence of the city of Belém. Secondly, the contribution of suspended matter in the transportation of anthropogenic Pb in Guajará Bay was evaluated. Third, the content and background isotopic signature of Pb in the hydrographic system of Belém was determined. Isotopic signatures of sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay confirm an anthropogenic contribution of Pb throughout the entire bay. The Pb accumulation process has become more efficient over the last 10 years, and this can be attributed to the rapid population growth of Belém city. Sediments in Carnapijó River are not affected by human activities, and the average concentration values (Pb = 19.6 ± 3.7 mg kg-1) and isotopic signatures (206Pb/207Pb = 1.196 ± 0.004) confirm the background Pb values previously proposed for the river system in the Belém region. The isotopic signatures of suspended matter on the eastern (206Pb/207Pb = 1.188) and western (206Pb/207Pb = 1.174) margins of Guajará Bay show that suspended matter is an efficient Pb transportation mechanism of domestic and industrial wastewater from Belém to the western margin of the Bay due to tidal effects at the confluence with Guamá River