DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE KPC FRONT OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA

The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (OTT) has antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects reported in the literature that attributes this last to more than about 70% of terpenes present in its composition, and its mechanism of action consists in the breakdown of the membrane cytoplasmic activity leading to membrane protein damage, cytoplasmic coagulation, changes in electron fluxes and transport mechanisms and above all, the interruption of the proton motive force. In this century, the advent of multidrug-resistant microorganisms to available drugs has raised widespread concern, prompting industry and researchers to opt for alternative mechanisms in the treatment of some bacterial infections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of OTT against Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemase (KPC) and its standard strain K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 by the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method by macrodilution and Spot-on-the-lawn. stipulated for KPC and K. pneumoniae ATCC to MIC in 0.25% OTT by the two methodologies, proving the antimicrobial activity of the oil and concluding that the mechanism of resistance to carbapenems does not influence the sensitivity to OTT

ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED PROBIOTICS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI ESBL

Potentially all microorganisms are able to synthesize several substances in vitro with inhibitory activity for themselves or other microorganisms, producing bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. The objective of this work was to establish the bacterial growth antagonistic properties of Escherichia coli ESBL by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, Bifidobacterium animalis DN173010, isolated of commercial probiotic products, and Kefir grain by the overcoated agar method. Analysis of the results allowed to gauge halos of 7.1 ± 2 mm inhibition of growth by L. casei strain Shirota and 6.3 ± 2 mm by B. animalis DN173010, Kefir grains did not produce inhibition halos against the multiresistant strain. The bacterial growth inhibition activity can be justified by the competition of nutrients from the medium and/or by the secretion of bacteriocins, protein or peptidic compounds ribosomally synthesized in the primary metabolism with antagonistic activity and because proteins are expected to behave differently on certain target microorganisms and culture conditions, and the production of these compounds by the Kefir grains cannot be excluded

DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE KPC FRONT OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA

The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (OTT) has antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects reported in the literature that attributes this last to more than about 70% of terpenes present in its composition, and its mechanism of action consists in the breakdown of the membrane cytoplasmic activity leading to membrane protein damage, cytoplasmic coagulation, changes in electron fluxes and transport mechanisms and above all, the interruption of the proton motive force. In this century, the advent of multidrug-resistant microorganisms to available drugs has raised widespread concern, prompting industry and researchers to opt for alternative mechanisms in the treatment of some bacterial infections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of OTT against Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemase (KPC) and its standard strain K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 by the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method by macrodilution and Spot-on-the-lawn. stipulated for KPC and K. pneumoniae ATCC to MIC in 0.25% OTT by the two methodologies, proving the antimicrobial activity of the oil and concluding that the mechanism of resistance to carbapenems does not influence the sensitivity to OTT

ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED PROBIOTICS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI ESBL

Potentially all microorganisms are able to synthesize several substances in vitro with inhibitory activity for themselves or other microorganisms, producing bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. The objective of this work was to establish the bacterial growth antagonistic properties of Escherichia coli ESBL by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, Bifidobacterium animalis DN173010, isolated of commercial probiotic products, and Kefir grain by the overcoated agar method. Analysis of the results allowed to gauge halos of 7.1 ± 2 mm inhibition of growth by L. casei strain Shirota and 6.3 ± 2 mm by B. animalis DN173010, Kefir grains did not produce inhibition halos against the multiresistant strain. The bacterial growth inhibition activity can be justified by the competition of nutrients from the medium and/or by the secretion of bacteriocins, protein or peptidic compounds ribosomally synthesized in the primary metabolism with antagonistic activity and because proteins are expected to behave differently on certain target microorganisms and culture conditions, and the production of these compounds by the Kefir grains cannot be excluded

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially