21 research outputs found

    Bonding Effectiveness of Two Adhesive Luting Cements to Glass Fiber Posts: Pull-Out Evaluation of Three Different Post Surface Conditioning Methods

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    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength at the post/resin-cement interface with 3 different surface treatments of glass fiber posts and with 2 different luting resin cements. Sixty glass fiber posts (RelyX Fiber Post) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20) and were luted with a dual-polymerizing self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem) and with a dual-polymerizing resin cement (RelyX ARC). This was carried out in association with a dual-polymerizing adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus) in simulated plexiglass root canals after receiving three different pretreatment procedures. A pull-out test was performed on each sample to measure bond strengths. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Two samples from each group were processed for SEM observations in order to investigate the morphologic aspect of the post/cement interface. Both resin cements demonstrated significant different bond strength values (P<0.0001). The surface treatment result was also statistically significant (P=0.0465). SEM examination showed a modification of the post surface after pretreatment with methyl methacrylate. The dual-polymerizing self-adhesive universal resin cement achieved higher MPa bond strength values. The use of methyl methacrylate as a surface treatment of glass fiber posts provided a significant increase in bond strengths between the posts and both luting materials

    Anastrozole versus tamoxifen for the prevention of locoregional and contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ (IBIS-II DCIS): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

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    Background Third-generation aromatase inhibitors are more effective than tamoxifen for preventing recurrence in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive invasive breast cancer. However, it is not known whether anastrozole is more effective than tamoxifen for women with hormone-receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Here, we compare the efficacy of anastrozole with that of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive DCIS. Methods In a double-blind, multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women who had been diagnosed with locally excised, hormone-receptor-positive DCIS. Eligible women were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio by central computer allocation to receive 1 mg oral anastrozole or 20 mg oral tamoxifen every day for 5 years. Randomisation was stratified by major centre or hub and was done in blocks (six, eight, or ten). All trial personnel, participants, and clinicians were masked to treatment allocation and only the trial statistician had access to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was all recurrence, including recurrent DCIS and new contralateral tumours. All analyses were done on a modified intention-to-treat basis (in all women who were randomised and did not revoke consent for their data to be included) and proportional hazard models were used to compute hazard ratios and corresponding confidence intervals. This trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN37546358. Results Between March 3, 2003, and Feb 8, 2012, we enrolled 2980 postmenopausal women from 236 centres in 14 countries and randomly assigned them to receive anastrozole (1449 analysed) or tamoxifen (1489 analysed). Median follow-up was 7·2 years (IQR 5·6–8·9), and 144 breast cancer recurrences were recorded. We noted no statistically significant difference in overall recurrence (67 recurrences for anastrozole vs 77 for tamoxifen; HR 0·89 [95% CI 0·64–1·23]). The non-inferiority of anastrozole was established (upper 95% CI <1·25), but its superiority to tamoxifen was not (p=0·49). A total of 69 deaths were recorded (33 for anastrozole vs 36 for tamoxifen; HR 0·93 [95% CI 0·58–1·50], p=0·78), and no specific cause was more common in one group than the other. The number of women reporting any adverse event was similar between anastrozole (1323 women, 91%) and tamoxifen (1379 women, 93%); the side-effect profiles of the two drugs differed, with more fractures, musculoskeletal events, hypercholesterolaemia, and strokes with anastrozole and more muscle spasm, gynaecological cancers and symptoms, vasomotor symptoms, and deep vein thromboses with tamoxifen. Conclusions No clear efficacy differences were seen between the two treatments. Anastrozole offers another treatment option for postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive DCIS, which may be be more appropriate for some women with contraindications for tamoxifen. Longer follow-up will be necessary to fully evaluate treatment differences

    Anastrozole versus tamoxifen for the prevention of locoregional and contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ (IBIS-II DCIS): A double-blind, randomised controlled trial

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    Dispositivi protesici in Odontoiatria Digitale: dall'impronta digitale intraorale alla produzione con tecnologie Cad-Cam. Caratterizzazione in vitro della precisione di accoppiamento e delle proprietà meccaniche

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    The objective of this work is to study some various aspects of the modern digital workflow to produce Fixed Dental Prostheses (FDP): from the optical impression, directly in the mouth, to the finalization of the prosthetic device specific for the patient. The motivation of this study is related to the growing need around the dental world to optimize and modernize the workflows that are still essentially artisanal. Taking advantage of modern digital technologies, that are rapidly spreading in the dental field, it is possible to obtain products with the highest quality standards, with lower production costs. Moreover it is important to spread the knowledge and skills to the dentists and to the dental technicians for an optimal use of these knowledges. In particular, we have have taken into consideration the following issues of distinct particular clinical importance: - optical intraoral scanning technology: specific operative and technical performance of these digital devices were investigated with particular reference to edentulous patients who need a full-arch implants rehabilitation, - innovative ceramic materials, used to produce metalfree multilayer bridges on natural teeth using Cad-Cam technology. It was also investigated an innovative resin composite material, which is also workable with Cad-Cam technology and used for the production of single crowns on implants. The revision of the scientific literature, suggested goals and metrological aspects of the experimental program of this research. The investigations, have evaluated precision and accuracy aspects of the optical impression of implants position, the geometric coupling precision of the multilayer metal free bridge components, mechanical resistance of different types of materials, and adhesion between a recent Cad-Cam resin composite referred as, Resin Nano-Ceramic (RNC) and zirconia. Moreover the introduction of instruments and methods established in the technical-scientific field, has been provided suitable to characterize the manufacturing processes used, the materials used and the devices manufactured. More in detail, the activities involved: 1. the study, in terms of metrological performance, of the acquisition process performed by the True Definition Scanner using a clinical sample reproducing a fully edentulous arch rehabilitated with 6 implants, 2. the verification of the geometric precision of the coupling component, sub and superstructure, of multilayer metalfree bridges made with different ceramic materials (zirconia-lithium disilicate), produced by Cad-Cam technology, and assembled by two different operators; the assembly / union of the bridge components, is instead carried out manually by the dental technicians totally handmade; 3. the analysis of the mechanical behavior, static, of the multilayer metalfree bridges, cited in paragraph 2, compared with another type of multilayer prosthesis (from the same Cad projects) but made with zirconia and glass ceramic (RLT), 4. the analysis by mechanical test, both static and under fatigue, of an innovative composite material resin supplied in blocks for Cad-Cam processing: Lava Ultimate. This new composite material presents, mechanical properties (Young's modulus), more similar to the natural tooth, compared to other aesthetic materials. For this reason, it was used to produce single crowns on implants comparing two different modes of use: cementing a composite crown produced with Cad-Cam technology directly on a titanium standard abutment supplied by industry, or producing a Cad-Cam zirconia customized abutment and cementing the composite crown to this; 5.verification of bonding capacity between zirconia and Lava Ultimate, using two different resin cements by means of shear bond test. Based on the results of the test campaigns conducted in this study it can be stated that: 1 technologies of digital intraoral optical impression are able to fulfill the clinical requirements of precision even in the case of full arch implants rehabilitations, 2. multilayer metalfree bridges, made with Cad-Cam technology according to the precision requirements of digital workflow, are affected by the intervention of the dental technician during the final assembly of the bridge components, resulting in reduced quality of precision established in the Cad phase, 3 multilayer metalfreee bridges show fracture toughness values greater than or equal to the minimum values reported in the scientific literature, 4. the implants crowns made with the innovative composite material subjected to strength tests and fatigue resistance, when cemented on an customized zirconia abutment, have superior mechanical characteristics than the cheapest solution, which provides the composite crown cementation directly to a standardized titanium abutment, 5. the use of adhesive cements for luting Lava Ultimate on zirconia, allowed to highlight the opposite results regards the strenght of adhesion, measured by means of the shear bond test.L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è studiare alcuni aspetti della moderna filiera produttiva digitale di manufatti protesici in campo dentale: dalla realizzazione dell’impronta ottica, direttamente nel cavo orale, alla finalizzazione del dispositivo protesico individualizzato per il paziente. La motivazione di questo studio risiede nell’esigenza sempre più sentita da parte di tutto il mondo dentale di ottimizzare e modernizzare i flussi di lavoro che sono ancora essenzialmente artigianali. Sfruttando le moderne tecnologie digitali, che si stanno rapidamente diffondendo in campo dentale, è possibile ottenere prodotti finiti di più alto standard qualitativo a fronte di costi di realizzazione più contenuti a condizione di diffondere ai clinici ed agli odontotecnici le conoscenze e le competenze necessarie all’utilizzo ottimale. In particolare sono stati presi in considerazione i seguenti temi di particolare rilevanza clinica: - la tecnologia di scansione ottica intraorale: sono state indagate le specificità operative e le prestazioni tecniche in particolare riferimento all’impiego per edentulie totali riabilitate mediante impianti, - i materiali ceramici innovativi, lavorabili mediante tecnologia Cad-Cam ed impiegati per realizzare protesi a ponte su denti naturali di tipo multilayer metalfree. E’ stato inoltre indagato un innovativo materiale in resina composita, anch’esso utilizzabile con tecnologia Cad-Cam ed impiegato per la realizzazione di corone singole su impianti. La revisione della letteratura tecnico scientifica, ha suggerito gli obbiettivi e gli aspetti metrologici del programma di ricerca sperimentale da condurre. Le indagini hanno riguardato aspetti di precisione ed accuratezza della lettura ottica della posizione degli impianti, di precisione geometrica di accoppiamento di protesi multilayer metal free, di resistenza meccanica di diversi tipologie di materiali e di adesione tra un recente composito a matrice resinosa, denominato Resin Nano-Ceramic (RNC) e zirconia; hanno previsto l’introduzione di strumenti e metodi consolidati in campo tecnico-scientifico, adatti a caratterizzare i processi di fabbricazione utilizzati, i materiali impiegati e i dispositivi realizzati. Più in dettaglio, l’attività ha riguardato: 1. lo studio, in termini di prestazioni metrologiche, del processo di acquisizione effettuato mediante il sistema di scansione True Definition Scanner su un campione clinico riproducente un'arcata completamente edentula riabilitata con 6 impianti; 2. la verifica della precisione geometrica di accoppiamento delle componenti, sotto e sovrastruttura, di protesi metalfree multilayer realizzate con materiali ceramici diversi (zirconia-disilicato di litio) prodotte mediante tecnologia Cad-Cam, e assemblate da due operatori diversi; l’assemblaggio/unione delle componenti, dei singoli ponti, viene invece realizzato manualmente dall’odontotecnico con tecnica totalmente artigianale; 3. l’analisi del comportamento meccanico, statico, delle protesi metalfree multilayer, citate al punto 2, confrontate con un altro tipo di protesi multilayer (provenienti dagli stessi progetti Cad) ma costituite da zirconia e ceramica feldspatica (RLT), 4. l’analisi mediante prova meccanica, statica e a fatica, della resistenza di un innovativo materiale in resina composita fornito in blocchetti per lavorazione Cad-Cam: Lava Ultimate. Questo nuovo materiale composito presenta, rispetto ad altri materiali estetici quanto a proprietà meccaniche dichiarate, (modulo di Young), un comportamento più simili al dente naturale. In quest’ottica, è stato utilizzato per realizzare corone singole su impianti, confrontando due modalità diverse di impiego: cementando una corona realizzata con questo composito e prodotta con tecnologia Cad-Cam direttamente su un pilastro standard in titanio fornito dall’industria, o realizzando con lavorazione Cad-Cam una sottostruttura in zirconia individualizzata e cementando su quest’ultima la corona in composito; 5. la verifica delle capacità adesive tra zirconia e Lava Ultimate, utilizzando due diversi cementi resinosi mediante test di taglio. Sulla base dei risultati delle campagne sperimentali condotte in questo studio è possibile affermare che: 1 le tecnologie di impronta ottica digitale intraorale sono in grado di rispondere ai requisiti clinici di precisione anche nel caso di arcate complete riabilitate su impianti, 2. le protesi multilayer metalfree, realizzate con tecnologia Cad-Cam secondo i requisiti di precisione propri dal workflow digitale, risentono dell’intervento di assemblaggio finale che esegue l’odontotecnico, con conseguente riduzione delle qualità di precisione stabilite in fase progettuale, 3. i ponti multilayer metalfreee presentano valori di resistenza alla frattura superiori o uguali ai valori minimi riportatati dalla letteratura scientifica 4. le corone su impianti realizzate con l’innovativo materiale composito, sottoposto a prove di resistenza statica e a fatica, quando cementate su un moncone individualizzato in zirconia, hanno caratteristiche meccaniche superiori alla soluzione più economica, che prevede la cementazione della corona direttamente ad un pilastro standardizzato in titanio. 5. l’utilizzo di cementi adesivi per cementare Lava Ultimate su zirconia, ha permesso di evidenziare comportamenti opposti per quanto riguarda le forze di adesione misurate con il test di taglio

    Dispositivi protesici in Odontoiatria Digitale: dall'impronta digitale intraorale alla produzione con tecnologie Cad-Cam. Caratterizzazione in vitro della precisione di accoppiamento e delle proprietà meccaniche

    Get PDF
    The objective of this work is to study some various aspects of the modern digital workflow to produce Fixed Dental Prostheses (FDP): from the optical impression, directly in the mouth, to the finalization of the prosthetic device specific for the patient. The motivation of this study is related to the growing need around the dental world to optimize and modernize the workflows that are still essentially artisanal. Taking advantage of modern digital technologies, that are rapidly spreading in the dental field, it is possible to obtain products with the highest quality standards, with lower production costs. Moreover it is important to spread the knowledge and skills to the dentists and to the dental technicians for an optimal use of these knowledges. In particular, we have have taken into consideration the following issues of distinct particular clinical importance: - optical intraoral scanning technology: specific operative and technical performance of these digital devices were investigated with particular reference to edentulous patients who need a full-arch implants rehabilitation, - innovative ceramic materials, used to produce metalfree multilayer bridges on natural teeth using Cad-Cam technology. It was also investigated an innovative resin composite material, which is also workable with Cad-Cam technology and used for the production of single crowns on implants. The revision of the scientific literature, suggested goals and metrological aspects of the experimental program of this research. The investigations, have evaluated precision and accuracy aspects of the optical impression of implants position, the geometric coupling precision of the multilayer metal free bridge components, mechanical resistance of different types of materials, and adhesion between a recent Cad-Cam resin composite referred as, Resin Nano-Ceramic (RNC) and zirconia. Moreover the introduction of instruments and methods established in the technical-scientific field, has been provided suitable to characterize the manufacturing processes used, the materials used and the devices manufactured. More in detail, the activities involved: 1. the study, in terms of metrological performance, of the acquisition process performed by the True Definition Scanner using a clinical sample reproducing a fully edentulous arch rehabilitated with 6 implants, 2. the verification of the geometric precision of the coupling component, sub and superstructure, of multilayer metalfree bridges made with different ceramic materials (zirconia-lithium disilicate), produced by Cad-Cam technology, and assembled by two different operators; the assembly / union of the bridge components, is instead carried out manually by the dental technicians totally handmade; 3. the analysis of the mechanical behavior, static, of the multilayer metalfree bridges, cited in paragraph 2, compared with another type of multilayer prosthesis (from the same Cad projects) but made with zirconia and glass ceramic (RLT), 4. the analysis by mechanical test, both static and under fatigue, of an innovative composite material resin supplied in blocks for Cad-Cam processing: Lava Ultimate. This new composite material presents, mechanical properties (Young's modulus), more similar to the natural tooth, compared to other aesthetic materials. For this reason, it was used to produce single crowns on implants comparing two different modes of use: cementing a composite crown produced with Cad-Cam technology directly on a titanium standard abutment supplied by industry, or producing a Cad-Cam zirconia customized abutment and cementing the composite crown to this; 5.verification of bonding capacity between zirconia and Lava Ultimate, using two different resin cements by means of shear bond test. Based on the results of the test campaigns conducted in this study it can be stated that: 1 technologies of digital intraoral optical impression are able to fulfill the clinical requirements of precision even in the case of full arch implants rehabilitations, 2. multilayer metalfree bridges, made with Cad-Cam technology according to the precision requirements of digital workflow, are affected by the intervention of the dental technician during the final assembly of the bridge components, resulting in reduced quality of precision established in the Cad phase, 3 multilayer metalfreee bridges show fracture toughness values greater than or equal to the minimum values reported in the scientific literature, 4. the implants crowns made with the innovative composite material subjected to strength tests and fatigue resistance, when cemented on an customized zirconia abutment, have superior mechanical characteristics than the cheapest solution, which provides the composite crown cementation directly to a standardized titanium abutment, 5. the use of adhesive cements for luting Lava Ultimate on zirconia, allowed to highlight the opposite results regards the strenght of adhesion, measured by means of the shear bond test.L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è studiare alcuni aspetti della moderna filiera produttiva digitale di manufatti protesici in campo dentale: dalla realizzazione dell’impronta ottica, direttamente nel cavo orale, alla finalizzazione del dispositivo protesico individualizzato per il paziente. La motivazione di questo studio risiede nell’esigenza sempre più sentita da parte di tutto il mondo dentale di ottimizzare e modernizzare i flussi di lavoro che sono ancora essenzialmente artigianali. Sfruttando le moderne tecnologie digitali, che si stanno rapidamente diffondendo in campo dentale, è possibile ottenere prodotti finiti di più alto standard qualitativo a fronte di costi di realizzazione più contenuti a condizione di diffondere ai clinici ed agli odontotecnici le conoscenze e le competenze necessarie all’utilizzo ottimale. In particolare sono stati presi in considerazione i seguenti temi di particolare rilevanza clinica: - la tecnologia di scansione ottica intraorale: sono state indagate le specificità operative e le prestazioni tecniche in particolare riferimento all’impiego per edentulie totali riabilitate mediante impianti, - i materiali ceramici innovativi, lavorabili mediante tecnologia Cad-Cam ed impiegati per realizzare protesi a ponte su denti naturali di tipo multilayer metalfree. E’ stato inoltre indagato un innovativo materiale in resina composita, anch’esso utilizzabile con tecnologia Cad-Cam ed impiegato per la realizzazione di corone singole su impianti. La revisione della letteratura tecnico scientifica, ha suggerito gli obbiettivi e gli aspetti metrologici del programma di ricerca sperimentale da condurre. Le indagini hanno riguardato aspetti di precisione ed accuratezza della lettura ottica della posizione degli impianti, di precisione geometrica di accoppiamento di protesi multilayer metal free, di resistenza meccanica di diversi tipologie di materiali e di adesione tra un recente composito a matrice resinosa, denominato Resin Nano-Ceramic (RNC) e zirconia; hanno previsto l’introduzione di strumenti e metodi consolidati in campo tecnico-scientifico, adatti a caratterizzare i processi di fabbricazione utilizzati, i materiali impiegati e i dispositivi realizzati. Più in dettaglio, l’attività ha riguardato: 1. lo studio, in termini di prestazioni metrologiche, del processo di acquisizione effettuato mediante il sistema di scansione True Definition Scanner su un campione clinico riproducente un'arcata completamente edentula riabilitata con 6 impianti; 2. la verifica della precisione geometrica di accoppiamento delle componenti, sotto e sovrastruttura, di protesi metalfree multilayer realizzate con materiali ceramici diversi (zirconia-disilicato di litio) prodotte mediante tecnologia Cad-Cam, e assemblate da due operatori diversi; l’assemblaggio/unione delle componenti, dei singoli ponti, viene invece realizzato manualmente dall’odontotecnico con tecnica totalmente artigianale; 3. l’analisi del comportamento meccanico, statico, delle protesi metalfree multilayer, citate al punto 2, confrontate con un altro tipo di protesi multilayer (provenienti dagli stessi progetti Cad) ma costituite da zirconia e ceramica feldspatica (RLT), 4. l’analisi mediante prova meccanica, statica e a fatica, della resistenza di un innovativo materiale in resina composita fornito in blocchetti per lavorazione Cad-Cam: Lava Ultimate. Questo nuovo materiale composito presenta, rispetto ad altri materiali estetici quanto a proprietà meccaniche dichiarate, (modulo di Young), un comportamento più simili al dente naturale. In quest’ottica, è stato utilizzato per realizzare corone singole su impianti, confrontando due modalità diverse di impiego: cementando una corona realizzata con questo composito e prodotta con tecnologia Cad-Cam direttamente su un pilastro standard in titanio fornito dall’industria, o realizzando con lavorazione Cad-Cam una sottostruttura in zirconia individualizzata e cementando su quest’ultima la corona in composito; 5. la verifica delle capacità adesive tra zirconia e Lava Ultimate, utilizzando due diversi cementi resinosi mediante test di taglio. Sulla base dei risultati delle campagne sperimentali condotte in questo studio è possibile affermare che: 1 le tecnologie di impronta ottica digitale intraorale sono in grado di rispondere ai requisiti clinici di precisione anche nel caso di arcate complete riabilitate su impianti, 2. le protesi multilayer metalfree, realizzate con tecnologia Cad-Cam secondo i requisiti di precisione propri dal workflow digitale, risentono dell’intervento di assemblaggio finale che esegue l’odontotecnico, con conseguente riduzione delle qualità di precisione stabilite in fase progettuale, 3. i ponti multilayer metalfreee presentano valori di resistenza alla frattura superiori o uguali ai valori minimi riportatati dalla letteratura scientifica 4. le corone su impianti realizzate con l’innovativo materiale composito, sottoposto a prove di resistenza statica e a fatica, quando cementate su un moncone individualizzato in zirconia, hanno caratteristiche meccaniche superiori alla soluzione più economica, che prevede la cementazione della corona direttamente ad un pilastro standardizzato in titanio. 5. l’utilizzo di cementi adesivi per cementare Lava Ultimate su zirconia, ha permesso di evidenziare comportamenti opposti per quanto riguarda le forze di adesione misurate con il test di taglio

    Evaluation of the Fatigue Strength of a CAD-CAM Nanoceramic Resin Crown on Titanium and Zirconia-Titanium Abutments

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    A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin block material for restoration of single-implant abutments can be milled and cemented on an optimized standard titanium abutment as a cheaper solution or, alternatively, individualization of the crown–abutment connection is required to fulfill the same mechanical requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different structural and geometric configurations of the abutment influence the resistance of a nano ceramic resin crown (NCRC). During the test, 30 implants with an internal conical tapered configuration were considered. Each implant received a standard titanium abutment: in group 1, NCRCs were directly bonded to the titanium abutments; in group 2, NCRCs were cemented on a customized zirconia framework and then cemented on a standardized titanium abutment. Three crowns of each group were submitted to a static load test until failure. The remaining crowns were submitted to a fatigue test protocol with a dynamic load. The static and dynamic test showed earlier failure for group 1. In group 1, complete breaking of NCRCs was observed for all samples, with an almost total titanium abutment exposition. In the static tests, group 2 showed a mode of failure that involved only the crown, which partially debonded from the zirconia abutment. Within the limitations of the present preliminary study, it was possible to conclude that the shape of the abutment mainly influences the fatigue strength compared to the static tensile strength. The results of the performed test show that NCRC bonded to the customized zirconia abutments, and presented a 75% survival rate when compared to the same material bonded directly to a standard titanium abutment
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