Circular RNAs in urine of kidney transplant patients with acute T Cell-mediated allograft rejection

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been described as novel noncoding regulators of gene expression. They are detectable in the blood of patients with acute kidney injury. We tested whether circRNAs were present in urine and could serve as new predictors of outcome in renal transplant patients with acute rejection. METHODS: A global circRNA expression analysis using RNA from urine of patients with acute T cell-mediated renal allograft rejection and control transplant patients was performed. Dysregulated circRNAs were confirmed in a cohort of 62 patients with acute rejection, 10 patients after successful antirejection therapy, 18 control transplant patients without rejection, and 13 stable transplant patients with urinary tract infection. RESULTS: A global screen revealed several circRNAs to be altered in urine of patients with acute rejection. Concentrations of 2 circRNAs including hsa_circ_0001334 and hsa_circ_0071475 were significantly increased. These were validated in the whole cohort of patients. hsa_circ_0001334 was upregulated in patients with acute rejection compared with controls. Concentrations of hsa_circ_0001334 normalized in patients with acute rejection following successful antirejection therapy. hsa_circ_0001334 was associated with higher decline in glomerular filtration rate 1 year after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: CircRNA concentrations are significantly dysregulated in patients with acute rejection at subclinical time points. Urinary hsa_circ_0001334 is a novel biomarker of acute kidney rejection, identifying patients with acute rejection and predicting loss of kidney function

Intramuscular DNA Vaccination of Juvenile Carp against Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Induces Full Protection and Establishes a Virus-Specific B and T Cell Response

Although spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause high mortalities in common carp, a commercial vaccine is not available for worldwide use. Here, we report a DNA vaccine based on the expression of the SVCV glycoprotein (G) which, when injected in the muscle even at a single low dose of 0.1 µg DNA/g of fish, confers up to 100% protection against a subsequent bath challenge with SVCV. Importantly, to best validate vaccine efficacy, we also optimized a reliable bath challenge model closely mimicking a natural infection, based on a prolonged exposure of carp to SVCV at 15°C. Using this optimized bath challenge, we showed a strong age-dependent susceptibility of carp to SVCV, with high susceptibility at young age (3 months) and a full resistance at 9 months. We visualized local expression of the G protein and associated early inflammatory response by immunohistochemistry and described changes in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antiviral genes in the muscle of vaccinated fish. Adaptive immune responses were investigated by analyzing neutralizing titers against SVCV in the serum of vaccinated fish and the in vitro proliferation capacity of peripheral SVCV-specific T cells. We show significantly higher serum neutralizing titers and the presence of SVCV-specific T cells in the blood of vaccinated fish, which proliferated upon stimulation with SVCV. Altogether, this is the first study reporting on a protective DNA vaccine against SVCV in carp and the first to provide a detailed characterization of local innate as well as systemic adaptive immune responses elicited upon DNA vaccination that suggest a role not only of B cells but also of T cells in the protection conferred by the SVCV-G DNA vaccine

Vergleichen unter den Bedingungen von Konflikt und Konkurrenz

Albert M, Engelschalt J, Epple A, et al. Vergleichen unter den Bedingungen von Konflikt und Konkurrenz. Praktiken des Vergleichens. Working Paper des SFB 1288. Vol 1. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld, SFB 1288; 2019.Was ist das Spezifische an Vergleichen bzw. Vergleichspraktiken, die unter den Bedingungen von Konflikt und/oder Konkurrenz durchgeführt werden? Im vorliegenden Working Paper wird dieses Spezifische anhand von soziologisch inspirierten Überlegungen zu den Grundbegrifflichkeiten des Konflikts bzw. der Konkurrenz als einer besonderen Art der Formung sozialer Beziehungen herausgearbeitet. Zunächst werden die Begriffe von Konkurrenz und direkten gewalttätigen Konflikten vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher disziplinärer Forschungskontexte bestimmt. Ausgehend von einer Soziologie der Konkurrenz geht es dabei um sozial- und geschichtswissenschaftliche Diskussionen um gewalttätige Konflikte. Zentral sind die begriffliche Schärfung unterschiedlicher kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen und das Gewalthandeln in Konfliktsituationen, die nicht als Krieg bezeichnet werden können. Anschließend werden die vielschichtigen Wechselbeziehungen sowohl zwischen gewalttätigen Konflikten und Konkurrenz als auch zwischen Konflikten, Konkurrenzen und Vergleichspraktiken aus der Sicht der unterschiedlichen Forschungsprojekte des Projektbereichs A des SFB 1288 dargestellt.**Ergänzender Hinweis zu den Creative Commons Lizenzen**"Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures, photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access publication and further permission may be required from the rights holder. The obligation to research and clear permission lies solely with the party re-using the material.

Walther Jantzen, das Deutsche Kulturwerk Europäischen Geistes und der Arbeitskreis für deutsche Dichtung. Die Jugendburg Ludwigstein als Zentrum der rechtsradikalen Literaturszene in der frühen Bundesrepublik

Lorenzen M. Walther Jantzen, das Deutsche Kulturwerk Europäischen Geistes und der Arbeitskreis für deutsche Dichtung. Die Jugendburg Ludwigstein als Zentrum der rechtsradikalen Literaturszene in der frühen Bundesrepublik. Jugendbewegung und Jugendkulturen. Jahrbuch. 2016;12:405-427

Die Zeitschrift als Medium des Vergleich(en)s. Eine exemplarische Analyse der deutschsprachigen Rundschaupublizistik während des Ersten Weltkriegs

Lorenzen M. Die Zeitschrift als Medium des Vergleich(en)s. Eine exemplarische Analyse der deutschsprachigen Rundschaupublizistik während des Ersten Weltkriegs. Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur. IASL. 2020;45(1):209-227

Fidus als Erzieher - Untersuchungen zu Ästhetik und Rezeption Hugo Höppeners

Lorenzen M. Fidus als Erzieher - Untersuchungen zu Ästhetik und Rezeption Hugo Höppeners. Historische Jugendforschung. Jahrbuch des Archivs der deutschen Jugendbewegung. 2011;8:337-358

Fidus als Erzieher - Untersuchungen zu Ästhetik und Rezeption Hugo Höppeners

Lorenzen M. Fidus als Erzieher - Untersuchungen zu Ästhetik und Rezeption Hugo Höppeners. Historische Jugendforschung. Jahrbuch des Archivs der deutschen Jugendbewegung. 2011;8:337-358

Zwischen Wandern und Lesen : eine rezeptionshistorische Untersuchung des Literaturkonzepts der bürgerlichen deutschen Jugendbewegung 1896–1923

Lorenzen M. Zwischen Wandern und Lesen : eine rezeptionshistorische Untersuchung des Literaturkonzepts der bürgerlichen deutschen Jugendbewegung 1896–1923. Jugendbewegung und Jugendkulturen. Vol 19. Göttingan: V & R unipress; 2016

The hypoxic kidney: pathogenesis and noncoding RNA-based therapeutic strategies

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease entity of major importance, affecting approximately 6% of all patients on the intensive care unit. The mortality rate exceeds 60%. AKI is related to several underlying conditions, including sepsis, nephrotoxicity or major surgery. Ischaemia reperfusion injury or hypoxic conditions may lead to severe injury of the kidney and is associated with a steep decline in survival rates of patients. At present, AKI is diagnosed on the basis of creatinine levels and urine output. Novel markers and knowledge of their pathophysiological role is of major importance for targeted therapeutic interventions. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently been introduced and are the subject of intensive research initiatives. They are arbitrarily separated into small ncRNAs (≤200 nucleotides) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs, ≥200 nucleotides). Whereas small ncRNAs such as microRNAs have been extensively studied over the past several years, investigations into the role of linear lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are largely lacking. The present review article therefore aims to elucidate in detail the role of microRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in animal models as well as patients with ischaemic AKI and to describe their use as biomarkers as well as their potential use as therapeutics