207 research outputs found
Classification of Human- and AI-Generated Texts: Investigating Features for ChatGPT
Recently, generative AIs like ChatGPT have become available to the wide
public. These tools can for instance be used by students to generate essays or
whole theses. But how does a teacher know whether a text is written by a
student or an AI? In our work, we explore traditional and new features to (1)
detect text generated by AI from scratch and (2) text rephrased by AI. Since we
found that classification is more difficult when the AI has been instructed to
create the text in a way that a human would not recognize that it was generated
by an AI, we also investigate this more advanced case. For our experiments, we
produced a new text corpus covering 10 school topics. Our best systems to
classify basic and advanced human-generated/AI-generated texts have F1-scores
of over 96%. Our best systems for classifying basic and advanced
human-generated/AI-rephrased texts have F1-scores of more than 78%. The systems
use a combination of perplexity, semantic, list lookup, error-based,
readability, AI feedback, and text vector features. Our results show that the
new features substantially help to improve the performance of many classifiers.
Our best basic text rephrasing detection system even outperforms GPTZero by
183.8% relative in F1-score
Cardiac multiscale bioimaging: from nano- through micro- to mesoscales.
Cardiac multiscale bioimaging is an emerging field that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the heart and its functions at various levels, from the molecular to the entire organ. It combines both physiologically and clinically relevant dimensions: from nano- and micrometer resolution imaging based on vibrational spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopy to assess molecular processes in cardiac cells and myocardial tissue, to mesoscale structural investigations to improve the understanding of cardiac (patho)physiology. Tailored super-resolution deep microscopy with advanced proteomic methods and hands-on experience are thus strategically combined to improve the quality of cardiovascular research and support future medical decision-making by gaining additional biomolecular information for translational and diagnostic applications
Effekte heuristischer Lösungsbeispiele in kooperativen Settings auf mathematische Argumentationskompetenz bei Lehramtsstudierenden
Mathematisches Argumentieren zÀhlt zu den professionellen Anforderungen an angehende MathematiklehrkrÀfte. Zur Förderung derartiger komplexer Kompetenzen haben sich heuristische Lösungsbeispiele als geeignet erwiesen. Offen ist, wie dieser Ansatz in kooperativen Settings auf unterschiedliche Kompetenzkomponenten bei Lernenden mit heterogenen Lernvoraussetzungen wirkt. Vorgestellt werden Fragestellungen, Design und Ergebnisse der Interventionsstudien aus dem DFG-Projekt ELK-Math
EfficientBioAI: Making Bioimaging AI Models Efficient in Energy, Latency and Representation
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in bioimage image analysis
nowadays, but the efficiency of AI models, like the energy consumption and
latency is not ignorable due to the growing model size and complexity, as well
as the fast-growing analysis needs in modern biomedical studies. Like we can
compress large images for efficient storage and sharing, we can also compress
the AI models for efficient applications and deployment. In this work, we
present EfficientBioAI, a plug-and-play toolbox that can compress given
bioimaging AI models for them to run with significantly reduced energy cost and
inference time on both CPU and GPU, without compromise on accuracy. In some
cases, the prediction accuracy could even increase after compression, since the
compression procedure could remove redundant information in the model
representation and therefore reduce over-fitting. From four different bioimage
analysis applications, we observed around 2-5 times speed-up during inference
and 30-80 saving in energy. Cutting the runtime of large scale bioimage
analysis from days to hours or getting a two-minutes bioimaging AI model
inference done in near real-time will open new doors for method development and
biomedical discoveries. We hope our toolbox will facilitate
resource-constrained bioimaging AI and accelerate large-scale AI-based
quantitative biological studies in an eco-friendly way, as well as stimulate
further research on the efficiency of bioimaging AI.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure
Valuing Water - A Globally Sustainable Approach for the Pharmaceutical Industry
Water resources around the globe are at risk from expanding demand and decreased
availability. All sectors of society rely on water for operation â agriculture, industry, power
generation, and domestic users all require a constant, clean supply. As a result of population
growth and environmental stress, more than one billion people do not have access
to clean water, putting a strain on both people and societies, and leading to high costs to
ensure supply is not diminished in any sector. As both water availability and quality are
projected to decrease in the future, every sector is at risk and might want to reconsider
their current relationship with this important resource.
Th is analysis focuses on the water-related risks to the industrial sector, specifi cally the
pharmaceutical industry. Drug discovery and processing are water-intensive processes
that require large amounts of high purity water, presenting a risk to the continuation of
business operations. In a changing and uncertain future, the pharmaceutical industryâs
relationship with water must also necessarily change in order to continue manufacturing
high-quality drugs at a low cost.
Six diff erent categories for water-related business risk are outlined and include: changing
business demands, stakeholder issues, supply chain, source water quality, regulatory environment,
and water availability and climate change.
Th is document helps companies concerned about these water-related business risks
address the following questions:
âą Why should pharmaceutical companies consider water in the business structure?
âą Who are the global and local players in the movement toward enhanced water management?
âą What types of quantitative and qualitative steps can be taken by the pharmaceutical
industry to be proactive in water management?
âą Where are the locations that may be additionally stressed due to our changing environment?
âą When can pharmaceutical companies act and at what time-scale?
âą How can pharmaceutical companies manage water risk and adequately value water?
By taking a hands-on approach to managing water-related business risk, pharmaceutical
companies can avoid costs and instead create value. Th e pharmaceutical industry has a
unique opportunity to enhance its mission of sustaining human health by leading other
industries in proactive and innovative water management.
Pharmaceutical companies have a number of options when it comes to adapting their
relationship with water to a changing future. However, navigating these options can be
costly and time-consuming. In addition, the cost of water for these companies, compared
to other resources, is minimal, shielding its importance from business decisions that relate
to it. Th is document presents a decision-making framework designed to help companies
save time and resources required to inform options analysis. It is in the form of a comprehensive
and easy-to-use Water Valuation Tool consisting of six key steps: Sponsorship,
Learn, Plan, Act, Share, and Re-Evaluate. Each step is designed to help a company learn
new and innovative ways to value water beyond the traditional cost.
Global companies are currently benefi ting from considering water use not only in everyday
facility operations, but future business planning as well. Included in this document
are case studies, along with an example of how this Water Valuation Tool is applied. Th is
decision-making framework will assist corporate users to to design strategies most fi tting to
individual situations and internal business structure.Master of ScienceNatural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58622/1/merk masters project.pd
Visible-Light Photoswitchable Benzimidazole Azo-Arenes as beta-Arrestin2-Biased Selective Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Agonists
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Andrea Holme for excellent technical support and the Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (University of Aberdeen) for providing access to their equipment. The authors would like to thank Dr. Matthias Scheiner for his contributions towards the development of the calcium mobilization assay and Dr. ValĂ©rie Jahns for her efforts towards faster automated analysis of the obtained results. Nick Verhavert is acknowledged for his assistance with the NanoBiTÂź assay. Diego Rodriguez-Soacha is acknowledged for establishing the rCB1R radioligand binding assay in our laboratory. Special thanks to Dr. Rangan Maitra and RTI International for providing the G16 coupled hCB1 and hCB2 CHO-K1 cell lines. The authors thank Nadine YurdagĂŒl-Hemmrich and Annette Hannawacker for excellent technical support. This project was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under DFG DE1546/10-1). J. N. Hislopâs financing support was given by NHS Grampian. The research visit of S. A. M. SteinmuÌller in Dr. Hislopâs laboratory was funded by the Elite Network of Bavaria (grant N° K-BM-2013-247). J. Fender and A. Tutov were supported by the International Doctoral Program âReceptor Dynamicsâ funded within the framework of the Elite Network of Bavaria (grant N° K-BM-2013- 247). M. H. Deventer was funded by the Research FoundationFlanders (FWO; grant 1S54521N).Peer reviewe
Cardiac recovery from pressure overload is not altered by thyroid hormone status in old mice
IntroductionThyroid hormones (THs) are known to have various effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the impact of TH levels on preexisting cardiac diseases is still unclear. Pressure overload due to arterial hypertension or aortic stenosis and aging are major risk factors for the development of structural and functional abnormalities and subsequent heart failure. Here, we assessed the sensitivity to altered TH levels in aged mice with maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC).MethodsMice at the age of 12 months underwent TAC and received T4 or anti-thyroid medication in drinking water over the course of 4 weeks after induction of left ventricular pressure overload.ResultsT4 excess or deprivation in older mice had no or only very little impact on cardiac function (fractional shortening), cardiac remodeling (cardiac wall thickness, heart weight, cardiomyocyte size, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis), and mortality. This is surprising because T4 excess or deprivation had significantly changed the outcome after TAC in young 8-week-old mice. Comparing the gene expression of deiodinases (Dio) 2 and 3 and TH receptor alpha (TRα) 1 and the dominant-negative acting isoform TRα2 between young and aged mice revealed that aged mice exhibited a higher expression of TRα2 and Dio3, while expression of Dio2 was reduced compared with young mice. These changes in Dio2 and 3 expressions might lead to reduced TH availability in the hearts of 12-month-old mice accompanied by reduced TRα action due to higher TRα2.DiscussionIn summary, our study shows that low and high TH availability have little impact on cardiac function and remodeling in older mice with preexisting pressure-induced cardiac damage. This observation seems to be the result of an altered expression of deiodinases and TRα isoforms, thus suggesting that even though cardiovascular risk is increasing with age, the response to TH stress may be dampened in certain conditions
Association Between Patient Sex and Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk Factor Management 5 Years After Acute Coronary Syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Long-term control of cardiovascular risk factors after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the cornerstone for preventing recurrence. We investigated the extent of cardiovascular risk factor management in males and females with and without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) 5 years after ACS.
METHODS
We studied patients hospitalized for ACS between 2009 and 2017 in a Swiss multicenter prospective cohort study. FH was defined based on clinical criteria from the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network and Simon Broome definitions. Five years post-ACS, we assessed low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), and other cardiovascular risk factors, comparing males to females with and without FH using generalized estimating equations.
RESULTS
A total of 3139 patients were included; mean age was 61.4 years (SD, 12.1), 620 (19.8%) were female, and 747 (23.5%) had possible FH. Compared with males at 5-years post-ACS, females were more likely to not use statins (odds ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.28-2.03]) and less likely to have combination LLT (odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.55-0.93]), without difference between patients with FH and without FH. Females in both FH and non-FH groups less frequently reached LDL-c values â€1.8 mmol/L (odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.78-0.93]). Overall, patients with FH were more frequently on high-dose statins compared with patients without FH (51.0% versus 42.9%; P=0.001) and presented more frequently with a combination of 2 or more LLT compared with patients without FH (33.8% versus 17.7%; P<0.001), but less frequently reached LDL-c targets of â€1.8 mmol/L (33.5% versus 44.3%; P<0.001) or â€2.6 mmol/L (70.2% versus 78.1%; P=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Five years after ACS, females had less intensive LLT and were less likely to reach target LDL-c levels than males, regardless of FH status. Males and females with FH had less optimal control of LDL-c despite more frequently taking high-dose statins or combination LLT compared with patients without FH. Long-term management of patients with ACS and FH, especially females, warrants optimization
FrĂŒhe mathematische Bildung - Ziele und Gelingensbedingungen fĂŒr den Elementar- und Primarbereich
Im Rahmen der Schriftenreihe "Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur Arbeit der Stiftung 'Haus der kleinen Forscher'" werden regelmĂ€Ăig wissenschaftliche BeitrĂ€ge von renommierten Expertinnen und Experten aus dem Bereich der frĂŒhen Bildung veröffentlicht. Diese Schriftenreihe dient einem fachlichen Dialog zwischen Stiftung, Wissenschaft und Praxis, mit dem Ziel, allen Kitas, Horten und Grundschulen in Deutschland fundierte UnterstĂŒtzung fĂŒr ihren frĂŒhkindlichen Bildungsauftrag zu geben.
Der vorliegende achte Band der Reihe mit einem Geleitwort von Kristina Reiss stellt die Ziele und Gelingensbedingungen mathematischer Bildung im Elementar- und Primarbereich in den Fokus.
Christiane Benz, Meike GrĂŒĂing, Jens Holger Lorenz, Christoph Selter und Bernd Wollring spezifizieren in ihrer Expertise pĂ€dagogisch-inhaltliche Zieldimensionen mathematischer Bildung im Kita- und Grundschulalter. Neben einer theoretischen Fundierung verschiedener Zielbereiche werden Instrumente fĂŒr deren Messung aufgefĂŒhrt. Des Weiteren erörtern die Autorinnen und Autoren Gelingensbedingungen fĂŒr eine effektive und wirkungsvolle frĂŒhe mathematische Bildung in der Praxis. Sie geben zudem Empfehlungen fĂŒr die Weiterentwicklung der Stiftungsangebote und die wissenschaftliche Begleitung der Stiftungsarbeit im Bereich Mathematik.
Das Schlusskapitel des Bandes beschreibt die Umsetzung dieser fachlichen Empfehlungen in den inhaltlichen Angeboten der Stiftung "Haus der kleinen Forscher"
- âŠ