In vitro callogenesis induction of Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler and W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)

Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler and W.E. Higgins, is a native orchid from Mexico, considered as threatened species in the NOM-ECOL-059-SEMARNAT-2010, mainly due to the disappearance of its natural habitat and illegal collection during the flowering season. The aim of this research was to induce in vitro callogenesis using different types of explants and phytoregulators, in order to establish a mass production technique as a contribution to the conservation of this species. We evaluated leaf and pseudobulb pith explants growing in semi-solid medium MS, adding BAP, 2, 4-D, Kin, the combination of BAP/2 and 4-D/Kin/Sad and a control without any type of plant growth regulators. Statistical analysis showed that pseudobulb pith explants are more suitable for in vitro callus induction in comparison to leaf explants, because of a lower percentage of contamination (18.8% in pith and 73.2% in leaves). Likewise, the pseudobulb pith explants showed increased callus formation (10.8%) in comparison to leaf explants (7.6%). Regarding the phytoregulators employed, BAP promoted increased callus formation (17%) compared to other phytoregulators (7-10%). This is the first report of the use of pseudobulb pith as an explant for callus induction in G. skinneri.Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler and W.E. Higgins., is a native orchid from Mexico, considered as threatened species by NOM-ECOL-059-SEMARNAT-2010, mainly due to the disappearance of its natural habitat and the illegal collection during its flowering season. The aim of this research was to induce in vitro callogenesis from different type of explants, using phytoregulators, in order to look for a massive production technique to contribute to its conservation. We evaluated the leaf and pseudobulb marrow explants growing in semi-solid medium MS adding BAP, 2, 4-D, Kin, the interaction of BAP/2, 4-D/Kin/Sad and a control without any type of plant growth regulators. Statistical analysis showed the pseudobulb marrow explants are more suitable for in vitro introduction in comparison to leaf explants, since they perform a lower percentage of contamination (18.8% in marrow and 73.2% in leaves). Likewise, the pseudobulb marrow explants increased callus formation (10.8%) in comparison to leaf explants (7.6%). Regarding the phytoregulators employed, BAP have allowed to increased callus formation (17%) compared to other phytoregulators (7-10%). This is the first report, which proposes the use of pseudobulb marrow as explant for callus induction in G. skinneri

Alimentación y salud. Una experiencia de aprendizaje e innovación para la comunidad universitaria UCM a través de la Agenda 2030

Los desequilibrios políticos, económicos y sociales que presenta Colombia y la Región de Antioquia han derivado en altas tasas de inseguridad alimentaria. Este hecho, junto al elevado consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en detrimento de la alimentación tradicional, está afectando gravemente la salud de la población. A todo ello hay que añadir el impacto del cambio climático y los eventos derivados extremos que comprometen la producción y distribución de alimentos. A través de cinco webinars, el público asistente conocerá de primera mano la importancia de la Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo y la Agenda 20-30 como pretexto para afrontar la problemática de la inseguridad alimentaria en Antioquia, fenómeno que, pese a haberse hecho más evidente en los últimos años, permanece casi invisible por la mayoría de la población española. Asimismo, se hará especial hincapié en las políticas llevadas a cabo por Colombia para mejorar la alimentación, sin olvidar las consecuencias que están teniendo el cambio climático, los conflictos armados, los estragos generados por la pandemia por COVID-19 o la geopolítica mundial sobre la situación nutricional en la región colombiana

In vitro callogenesis induction of Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W.E. Higgins (Orchidaceae)

Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W.E. Higgins, is a native orchid from Mexico, considered as threatened species in the NOM-ECOL-059-SEMARNAT-2010, mainly due to the disappearance of its natural habitat and illegal collection during the flowering season. The aim of this research was to induce in vitro callogenesis using different types of explants and phytoregulators, in order to establish a mass production technique as a contribution to the conservation of this species. We evaluated leaf and pseudobulb pith explants growing in semi-solid medium MS, adding BAP, 2, 4-D, Kin, the combination of BAP/2 and 4-D/Kin/Sad and a control without any type of plant growth regulators. Statistical analysis showed that pseudobulb pith explants are more suitable for in vitro callus induction in comparison to leaf explants, because of a lower percentage of contamination (18.8% in pith and 73.2% in leaves). Likewise, the pseudobulb pith explants showed increased callus formation (10.8%) in comparison to leaf explants (7.6%). Regarding the phytoregulators employed, BAP promoted increased callus formation (17%) compared to other phytoregulators (7-10%). This is the first report of the use of pseudobulb pith as an explant for callus induction in G. skinneri

Supplement 1. The code for WinBUGS models, an example data set (Mexican butterfly diversity), and an R interface that will allow the user to fit the compound distributions described in the paper to small data sets.

<h2>File List</h2><p> </p> <blockquote> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div><a href="Gamma3.odc">Gamma3.odc</a></div></td> <td>-</td> <td>Poisson-Gamma WinBUGS model </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div><a href="lognorm3.odc">lognorm3.odc</a></div></td> <td>-</td> <td>Poisson log-Normal WinBUGS model </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div><a href="testbugs.txt">testbugs.txt</a></div></td> <td>-</td> <td>Data set consisting of four sites with fifty species </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div><a href="divmodels.R">divmodels.R</a></div></td> <td>-</td> <td>Script for running the models from R, including tcltk graphical user interface </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div><a href="README.txt">README.txt</a></div></td> <td>-</td> <td>Instructions for setting up and running the models </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div><a href="divbugs.zip">divbugs.zip</a></div></td> <td>-</td> <td>All five files together </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p> </p> </blockquote><h2>Description</h2><blockquote> <p>The scripts provided allow the user to fit the compound distributions described in the paper to small data sets consisting of counts of individuals and estimate confidence intervals for some commonly used diversity indices. Names used for indices and model parameters should be self explanatory. The files make use of WinBUGS and R. Both are freely available from the Internet. </p> </blockquote

Mechanisms of diversity maintenance in dung beetle assemblages in a heterogeneous tropical landscape

Background Anthropized landscapes play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, as they encompass about 90% of the remaining tropical forest. Effective conservation strategies require a deep understanding of how anthropic disturbances determine diversity patterns across these landscapes. Here, we evaluated how attributes and assembly mechanisms of dung beetle communities vary across the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve (REBISO) landscape. Methods Community attributes (species diversity, abundance, and biomass) were assessed at the landscape scale, using spatial windows and vegetation classes. Windows were categorized as intact, variegated, or fragmented based on their percent cover of tropical forest. The vegetation classes analyzed were tropical forest, second-growth forest, and pastures. Results We collected 15,457 individuals and 55 species. Variegated windows, tropical forests, and second-growth forests showed the highest diversity values, while the lowest values were found in intact windows and pastures. Landscape fragmentation was positively and strongly related to dung beetle diversity and negatively related to their abundance; biomass was positively associated with forest cover. Beta diversity was the primary driver of the high dung beetle diversity in the landscape analyzed. Discussion The landscape heterogeneity and its biodiversity-friendly matrix facilitate the complementarity of dung beetle assemblages in the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve. Random processes govern beta diversity patterns in intact and variegated windows. Therefore, vegetation cover in the region is sufficient to maintain a continuous flow of dung beetles between forested landscape segments. However, intense anthropic disturbances acted as deterministic environmental filters in fragmented windows and pastures sites, leading to biotic homogenization processes. Our results suggest that increasing habitat variegation in highly fragmented sites is an effective strategy to prevent or buffer homogenization processes in the REBISO landscape

Evaluation Of Leaf Harvesting Effect On Chamaedorea Quezalteca Standl. &Amp; Steyerm. (Palmae), In The El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, México

The leaves of the Chamaedorea quezalteca palm are an important non-timber forest resource for the dwellers of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, México. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of artificial defoliation during one year (July 2008 to July 2009) on leaf production, mortality and reproduction of C. quezalteca at three sites of the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, México. Six hundred individuals were selected in three size categories defined by the number of stems (1-3, 4-6 and \u3e7). The experimental design was mixed factorial with two fixed factors (treatment and size) and one random (site), and forest cover as a covariate, with three treatments of defoliation (30, 60 and 100 %) and the control (0 %); an analysis of variance was performed with the data. The production of leaves was significant (p≤0.05) in relation to plant size and intensity of defoliation, but such response depended on the combination of factor levels. Leaf production increased with harvest intensity (defoliation) and size categories. During the experiment, eight individuals were recorded dead and 20 % of all the selected individuals lost one or more stems. No differences were found (p≤0.05) between treatments and the control in the production of inflorescences and infructescences between the start of the experiment and after one year, nor in fruit production after a year. Results indicate that leaf harvest in an annual period increased leaf production but did not change the reproduction and survival of individuals