Il Sistema Costituzionale Italiano

Introducción al sistema constitucional italiano y su evolución hasta la actualidadConferencia sobre el sistema constitucional italiano,centrándose en la forma de gobierno de Italia y sus principales instituciones. Tres fueron los perfiles en los que la ponente hizo hincapié: la relación entre el Gobierno y el Parlamento; las funciones desempeñadas por los partidos políticos en el sistema representativo italiano y las leyes electorales que a lo largo de la historia republicana del país han reglamentado el sistema electoral.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

LA CASSAZIONE SI CONFRONTA CON LA QUESTIONE DEL MATRIMONIO OMOSESSUALE (CASSAZIONE I SEZ. CIV. 15/3/2012, N. 4184)

La questione delle unioni tra persone dello stesso sesso richiede un intervento del legislatore, come gi\ue0 evidenziato dalla giurisprudenza costituzionale pi\uf9 recente. Gli interventi del giudice sovranazionale possono costituire occasione di riflessione e di sollecitazione, ma non possono alterare la natura di istituti, come il matrimonio e la famiglia, nei quali si riflette l'identit\ue0 costituzionale degli Stati

Bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid en de bevoegdheden van de Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM)

Dit essay behandelt de vraag of de bevoegdheid van de AFM om bestuurders van financiële instellingen te beboeten leidt tot een toename in de civiele aansprakelijkheidsprocedures jegens hen. Hierbij zal in het bijzonder de invloed van D&O-verzekeringen (Directors & Officers Liability) in ogenschouw worden genomen

Novel Findings into AIRE Genetics and Functioning: Clinical Implications

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), formerly known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, is a paradigm of a monogenic autoimmune disease caused by mutations of a gene, named autoimmune regulator (AIRE). AIRE acts as a transcription regulator that promotes immunological central tolerance by inducing the ectopic thymic expression of many tissue-specific antigens. Although the syndrome is a monogenic disease, it is characterized by a wide variability of the clinical expression with no significant correlation between genotype and phenotype. Indeed, many aspects regarding the exact role of AIRE and APECED pathogenesis still remain unraveled. In the last decades, several studies in APECED and in its mouse experimental counterpart have revealed new insights on how immune system learns self-tolerance. Moreover, novel interesting findings have extended our understanding of AIRE's function and regulation thus improving our knowledge on the pathogenesis of APECED. In this review, we will summarize recent novelties on molecular mechanisms underlying the development of APECED and their clinical implications

Unbalanced Immune System: Immunodeficiencies and Autoimmunity

Increased risk of developing autoimmune manifestations has been identified in different primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). In such conditions, autoimmunity and immune deficiency represent intertwined phenomena that reflect inadequate immune function. Autoimmunity in PIDs may be caused by different mechanisms, including defects of tolerance to self-antigens and persistent stimulation as a result of the inability to eradicate antigens. This general immune dysregulation leads to compensatory and exaggerated chronic inflammatory responses that lead to tissue damage and autoimmunity. Each PID may be characterized by distinct, peculiar autoimmune manifestations. Moreover, different pathogenetic mechanisms may underlie autoimmunity in PID. In this review, the main autoimmune manifestations observed in different PID, including humoral immunodeficiencies, combined immunodeficiencies, and syndromes with immunodeficiencies, are summarized. When possible, the pathogenetic mechanism underlying autoimmunity in a specific PID has been explained

The KANDY Benchmark: Incremental Neuro-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning with Kandinsky Patterns

Artificial intelligence is continuously seeking novel challenges and benchmarks to effectively measure performance and to advance the state-of-the-art. In this paper we introduce KANDY, a benchmarking framework that can be used to generate a variety of learning and reasoning tasks inspired by Kandinsky patterns. By creating curricula of binary classification tasks with increasing complexity and with sparse supervisions, KANDY can be used to implement benchmarks for continual and semi-supervised learning, with a specific focus on symbol compositionality. Classification rules are also provided in the ground truth to enable analysis of interpretable solutions. Together with the benchmark generation pipeline, we release two curricula, an easier and a harder one, that we propose as new challenges for the research community. With a thorough experimental evaluation, we show how both state-of-the-art neural models and purely symbolic approaches struggle with solving most of the tasks, thus calling for the application of advanced neuro-symbolic methods trained over time

La qualità della legislazione diventa un’esigenza bicamerale: considerazioni sul nuovo Comitato per la legislazione del Senato della Repubblica nel primo semestre di attività

The paper examines the discipline of the new Art. 20 bis Reg. of Italian Senate, which has introduced the Committee on Legislation, identifying common aspects and elements of diversity with the corresponding body of the Camera. A particular examination profile concerns the analysis of the role played by the Committee at the Camera, so as to obtain indications for the future activity of the Senate Committee

La partecipazione di interessi e di istanze al procedimento legislativo nello Statuto della Regione Sicilia

The participation of interests and requests in the legislative procedure in the Statute of the Region of Sicily The participation of interests in the political decision-making process and in the law-making process is an important tool for making the decision effective and respected. Participatory institutions are provided for in forms other than the regulations of the Regional Councils. Unlike for Sicily, there is a special provision included in the Statute, Art. 12.3, which provides that «Draft laws are drawn up by the Commissions of the Regional Assembly with the participation of representatives of professional interests and regional technical bodies». The importance of the contribution of subjects expressing the interests of the community was also the subject of rulings by the Constitutional Court in two decisions of 2004 and 2018, which highlighted its value for a democratic society

How bidding costs affect auction strategies in mergers and acquisitions.

D. Hirshleifer and I. Png (1990) show that jump bidding is a sufficient auction strategy when bidders face variable bidding costs. This thesis shows that inverse jump bidding, which I call delay bidding, has strategically advantages as well. Current literature on auction theory mostly does not include cost structures of bidders. Those cost structures, however, can offer great game-theoretical strategies which enhances the bargaining power of bidders. Furthermore it shows how bids should be optimized when bidders face various cost structures. I also show how these optima are affected by different risk appetites. Also, my empirical analyses of 1,829 mergers and acquisitions, in the period January 1980 to March 2012, evince the existence of justifications of delay bidding and thereby confirms theory, by showing a significant negative relation between the bidding costs and the settlement time of a takeover (model p-value = 0.000)

La rappresentanza di interessi nella normativa regionale : una prospettiva possibile per il legislatore statale?

The regulation on representation of interests in decision-making processes has been under discussion for some time in Italian system. Unlike the State, some Italian Regions have provided themselves to define a regulatory framework, which seems to take up the suggestions expressed by the Italian Constitutional Court in judgment no. 379 of 2004, with regard to stakeholder participation in decision-making processes. The paper examines some of the most important contents of Regional laws, which could be a useful reference for State Legislators