Eficiência técnica de um sistema de produção de gado mestiço para as bacias leiteiras dos Estados do Piauí e Maranhão

A system for dairy cattle was tested at Embrapa Middle-Northern Parnaíba, PI, Brazil, during 1999and 2000. In this system were evaluated, in an integrated way, several technologies adapted or generated for that region. Thirty-five girolanda cows were used, and maintained grazing on diversified pastures of elephant, brachiaria, mombaça and tanzania grasses. The pasture periods varied from three to five days, with additionaluse of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as protein supply. Cows in lactation producing above 5kg of milk a day received a ration supply of 1kg for each 3kg of produced milk. The interval between deliveries (14,5 months), nursing period (284,8 days), milk production for cow a day (8,8kg), and for lactation (2.492,6kg) confirm the technical efficiency of this system.Na Embrapa Meio-Norte/Parnaíba foi testado, durante os anos de 1999 e 2000, um sistema de produção de leite no qual se avaliaram, de maneira integrada, várias tecnologias adaptadas e/ou geradas na região. Foram utilizadas 35 vacas girolandas, que foram mantidas em pastagens diversificadas de capim-elefante,braquiária, capim mombaça e capim tanzânia, com períodos de pastejo que variaram de três a cinco dias. Além disso, foi feito uso adicional de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) na forma de banco de proteína. Os animais emlactação com produção superior a 5kg de leite receberam concentrado à razão de 1kg de ração para cada 3kg de leite produzido. O intervalo entre partos (14,5 meses), o período de lactação (284,8 dias), a produção de leite por vaca por dia (8,8kg) e por lactação (2.492,6kg) confirmam a eficiência técnica do sistema

Variability of Settling Particles Fluxes and Isotopic Composition (δ13C and δ15N) from Material Trapped in Coastal Reefs of Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazilian Shelf

Elemental and isotopic ratios (C/N, δ13C, δ15N) of sediment samples captured by PVC traps in eight stations along the coastal reefs of the Abrolhos region, Brazil, were analyzed. The study area is characterized by the influence of continental sediments on biogenic sediments. The highest δ13C values were found in the Sebastião Gomes (second shallower station), with average values close to -15‰ in all sampling periods. The isotopic ratio of carbon and nitrogen indicates that the organic matter analyzed has marine origin, with signature features of oceanic regions. The highest C/N ratio average value of 8.29 occurred in Nova Viçosa (the southernmost station and one of the shallowest) during the spring, in other seasons the average value was close to 7 in all periods. Although the values of C/N indicate a significantly marine contribution, δ15N values suggest that N series recycling processes are frequent during the time that the material remained in the environment. The results will provide a baseline for future environmental monitoring and studies on changes in sediment composition in an important set of coastal coral reefs

Spanish goat diets as influenced by brush management in the Post Oak Savannah of Texas

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 78-80.Not availabl

Valor nutritivo do feno de juazeiro (Zizyphus joazeiro) para caprinos e ovinos

Six sheep of the Santa Inês genotype and six goats of undefined genotype (SRD) were used to evaluate the nutritive value of "juazeiro" hay (Zizyphus joazeiro). Experimental animals were kept in elevated metabolism crates for a 14-day adaptation period followed by a 7-day collection period of total feces and urine. Sheep and goats were adult castrated males. They were given ad libitum access to forage consumption, water and mineralized salt. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and KMnO4 lignin contents of the hay were 15.2, 66.7, 24.8 and 14.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference between animal species for any of these variables. Consumption of dry matter, apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and nitrogen balance were 76.6 and 87.1 g/kg0.75/day, 43.7 and 39.9% and 6.7 and 6.0 g/day for goats and sheep, respectively. The results indicated that "juazeiro" leaves can be used as feed by sheep and goats, as an alternative food source during the dry season.Foram utilizados seis caprinos SRD (Sem Raça Definida) e seis ovinos Santa Inês, machos, adultos, para avaliar o valor nutritivo do feno da folhagem de juazeiro. Todos os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo durante 21 dias, sendo quatorze de adaptação e sete de coleta total de fezes e urina. O consumo de forragem foi ad libitum. As concentrações de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose e lignina em KMnO4 foram, respectivamente, de: 15,2; 66,7; 24,8 e 14,2%. Entre espécies de animais não foi detectada diferença significativa (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. O consumo de matéria seca, o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e o balanço de nitrogênio, foram de 76,6 e 87,1 g/kg0,75/dia, 43,7 e 39,9% e 6,7 e 6,0 g/dia para caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que o feno da folhagem de juazeiro pode ser utilizado na alimentação de caprinos e ovinos como um recurso alimentar alternativo durante a época seca

Comparative study of digestibility of forage legume with sheeps and goats I. In vivo digestibility of cunhã hay

Foram utilizados doze animais, sendo seis caprinos SRD (Sem Raça Definida) e seis ovinos Santa Inês, machos, para avaliar o valor nutritivo do feno de cunhã (Clitoria ternatea). Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo por um período de adaptação de 14 dias seguidos de sete de coleta total de fezes e urina. O consumo de forragem foi ad libitum e os animais tiveram livre acesso à água e ao sal mineral. Os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e lignina em KMnO4 foram de 22,6%, 49,7% e 8,3%, respectivamente. Entre as espécies de animais não foi detectada diferença (P < 0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. No entanto, quando o balanço de N foi avaliado em função do N consumido, os dados sugerem que os caprinos fazem melhor utilização do N da dieta do que os ovinos.Six SRD (undefined genotype) goats and six sheep of the Santa Inês genotype, all of them adult males were used to evaluate the nutritive value of the "cunhã" (Clitoria ternatea L.) hay. Goats and sheep were kept in elevated metabolism crates for a 14-day adaptation period, followed by a 7-day collection period of total feces and urine. The forage was offered ad libitum and the animals had free access to water and mineralized salt. Contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and KMnO4 lignin were 22.6%, 49.7% and 8.3%, respectively. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference between animal species for none of studied parameters. However, when the N balance was evaluated, as a function of the N intake, the result suggest that goats make apparently a better utilization of the dietary N than sheep

Comparative study with sheep and goats of the digestibility of a native legume in the semi-arid zone of Ceará, Brazil. II. In vivo digestibility of the silage of Cassia sp.

Dez caprinos Sem Raça Definida (SRD) e dez ovinos Santa Inés, machos, castrados, foram utilizados para avaliar o valor nutritivo da silagem de mata-pasto (Cassia spp). Os animais permaneceram em gaiolas de metabolismo por um período de 21 dias, sendo 14 de adaptado e 7 de coleta total de fezes. O consumo da silagem foi ad libitum. As concentrações de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e lignina foram, respectivamente, de: 7,0, 55,3 e 7,8%. Não foi detectada diferença significativa (P> 0,05), entre caprinos e ovinos, em nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. O consumo de matéria seca foi de 72,0 e 86,8 g/kg0,75/dia para caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. A digestibilidade da matéria seca e da FDN foram de 60,1, 60,4 e 43,0, 44,6% para caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. O tempo de mastigação total foi de 925 min/dia para caprinos e de 990 min/dia para ovinos. Os resultados permitem concluir que caprinos e ovinos apresentaram a mesma eficiência de utilização do alimento e a silagem de mata-pasto apresentou potencial de utilizado para caprinos e ovinos.Ten SRD (undefined genotype) goats and ten sheep of the Santa Inês getiotypes, were used to evaluate the nutritive value of the mata-pasto (Cassia spp) silage. Experimental animals were kept in elevated metabolism crates for a 14-day adaptation period followed by a 7-day collection period of total faeces. All animals were adult males and castrated and they were given ad libitum access to water, mineral salt and forage consumption. There was no significant (PL0,05) difference between goat and sheep for any of the studied variables. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and KMnO lignin contents of the mata-pasto silage were, respectively, 7.0, 55.3 and 7.8%. Intake of dry matter and of digestible organic matter were, respectively, 72.0 and 43.0 g/kg0,75/day for goats and 86.8 and 53.8 g/kg0,75/day for sheep. NDF and dry matter digestibilities were in the order, of 60.1 and 60.4% and 43.0 and 44.6% for goats and sheep, respectively. Total chewing time was 925 min/day for goats and 990 min/day for sfteep. Both animal species showed similar feed utilization eficiency

Comparative study of digestibility of native legumes with sheeps and goats in the "sertao" of Ceara II. In vivo digestibility of mata-pasto hay

Seis ovinos e seis caprinos, machos, adultos e castrados, foram utilizados para avaliar o valor nutritivo do feno de mata-pasto (Cassia spp.). Todos os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo por um período de 14 dias de adaptação e sete de coleta total de fezes e urina. O consumo de forragem foi ad libitum e os animais tiveram livre acesso à água e ao sal mineral. As concentrações de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e lignina foram, respectivamente, de 7,6, 66,7 e 14,2%. Os consumos de matéria seca e proteína bruta pelos caprinos foram significativamente (P < 0,01) menores que pelos ovinos. O consumo de matéria seca digestível pelos ovinos foi de 24,3 g/kg0,75/dia e a digestibilidade da matéria seca, da matéria orgânica e do N foram, respectivamente, de 53,9; 60,0 e 59,5%. Devido ao estado fisiológico dos caprinos, os valores de digestibilidade não foram calculados. O balanço de N, nos caprinos, foi inferior (P < 0,05) ao observado nos ovinos. O feno de mata-pasto apresentou maior potencial de utilização pêlos ovinos do que pelos caprinos.Six sheep and six goats, adults and castrated males were used to evaluate the nutritive value of the mata-pasto (Cassia spp.) hay. Experimental animals were kept in elevated metabolism crates for a 14-day adaptation period followed by a seven day collection period of total feces and urine. The animals were given ad libitum access to forage consumption, water and mineralized salt. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and KMnO4 lignin contents were, respectively, 7.6, 66.7 and 14.2%. Values of dry matter and crude protein intakes of sheep were significantly (P < 0.01) greater than those of goats. For sheep, intake of digestibile dry matter was 24.3 g/kg.75/day and the digestibilities of organic matter, dry matter and N were respectively 53.9, 60.0 and 59.5%. Due to physiological status of goats values of those parameters were not obtained for this animal specieis. Sheep N balance was superior (P < 0.05) to the goats. The mata-pasto hay showed a greater potential of utilization by sheep than by goats