Additional file 1 of Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of the response to scale insects in Camellia sasanqua Thunb

Additional file 1: Fig S1. Correlation analysis. N: normal leaves, SL: the leaves infected by scale insects. Fig S2. qRT-PCR validation of DEGs. Table S1. The sequenced result in normal leaves and leaves infected by scale insects. Table S2 Primer sequence of qPCR

Achieving High Energy Density in PVDF-Based Polymer Blends: Suppression of Early Polarization Saturation and Enhancement of Breakdown Strength

Polymers with high dielectric strength and favorable flexibility have been considered promising materials for dielectrics and energy storage applications, while the achievable energy density (<i>U</i>_e) of polymer is rather limited by the intrinsic low dielectric constant and ferroelectric hysteresis. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene (P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) with ultrahigh ε_r of >50 is considered promising in achieving high <i>U</i>_e of polymer dielectrics. However, P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE) only exhibits moderate <i>U</i>_e due to the early saturation of electrical polarization at low electric field. In this contribution, we show that, by blending P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE) with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the early saturation of P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE) is substantially suppressed, giving rise to concomitant enhancement of dielectric permittivity and breakdown strength. An ultrahigh energy density of 19.6 J/cm³ is thus achieved at ∼640 kV/mm, which is 1600% greater than <i>U</i>_e of the benchmark biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP, 1.2 J/cm³ at 640 kV/mm). Results of phase field simulations reveal that the interfaces between PVDF and P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE) play a critical role by not only suppressing early saturation of electrical polarization in P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE) but also inducing additional interfacial polarization. Binary phase diagram of P­(VDF-TrFE-CFE)/PVDF blends is also systematically explored with their dielectric and energy storage behavior studied

RAD_Vitis_filter_VCF

The filtered VCF file containing SNPs detected from four Vitis species in East Asia and Vitis vinifera using RAD-seq

Table1_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.xlsx

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p

Table2_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.xlsx

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p

Image4_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.pdf

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p

Table3_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.xlsx

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p

Image3_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.pdf

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p

Image2_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.pdf

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p

Table4_Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of Camellia reticulata reveal mechanisms of flower color differentiation.xlsx

Camellia reticulata (Lindl.) is an important ornamental plant in China. Long-term natural or artificial selections have resulted in diverse phenotypes, especially for flower colors. Modulating flower colors can enhance the visual appeal and economic value in ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color differentiation in C. reticulata. We performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the petals of a popular variety C. reticulata (HHYC) (red), and its two cultivars “Xuejiao” (XJ) (pink) and “Tongzimian” (TZM) (white). Targeted metabolome profiling identified 310 flavonoid compounds of which 18 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated among the three samples with an accumulation pattern of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Likewise, transcriptome analysis showed that carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were mostly expressed in order of HHYC > XJ > TZM. Two genes (gene-LOC114287745765 and gene-LOC114289234) encoding for anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase are predicted to be responsible for red coloration in HHYC and XJ. We also detected 42 MYB and 29 bHLH transcription factors as key regulators of anthocyanin-structural genes. Overall, this work showed that flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins contents are the major determinants of flower color differentiation among the 3 C. reticulata samples. In addition, the main regulatory and structural genes modulating anthocyanin contents in C. reticulata have been unveiled. Our results will help in the development of Camellia varieties with specific flower color and quality.</p