Hadis-hadis Antropomorfisme: Analisis Terhadap Takwil Ibn Hajar Al-‘asqalânî Dalam Fath Al-bârî

: Anthropomorphism in Hadith: An Analysis of Ibn Hajar al- ‘Asqalânî\u27s Ta\u27wîl in Fath al-Bârî. In the history of Islamic theology, discussion on Quranic verses and the Prophetic traditions that deal with anthropomorphism has undergone long history starting from heated debate between literal hadith centrists with those of rationalists theologians and the Muktazilah. This essay attempts to elaborate Ibn Hajar\u27s view, as an advocate of tradition, in understanding the hadiths that describe the attributes similar to that of His creatures. In order to avoid potential error and confusion in understanding the attributes of God, Ibn Hajar utilized ta\u27wîl method and departed from his root due to socio-political condition and the prevailing theological teachings that led him to support the tenets of Asy‘ariyah. Conversely, he was very keen on safeguarding the Muslim\u27s creed from equating God\u27s attributes with His creatures

Detection of Placental Proteomes at Different Uterine Positions in Large White and Meishan Gilts on Gestational Day 90

<div><p>Within-litter uniformity in pigs is a major factor affecting piglet survival and growth performance. We know that Meishan (MS) gilts have higher piglet survival rate than Large White (LW) gilts because their foetal weight is less varied. To understand the molecular basis for placental nutritional transport during the late stages of gestation in LW and MS, we employed the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method to investigate alterations in the placental proteomes of LW and MS gilts on gestational day 90. Investigation of foetal weight at different uterine positions revealed that the foetal and placental weights as well as the foetal concentration of glucose were significantly higher in LW gilts positioned towards the utero-tubal junction than in those positioned toward the cervix; however, no such differences were observed in MS gilts, and MS gilts had a greater uniformity in foetal weight on day 90 of gestation. Comparisons of the proteomes between placentas positioned toward the cervix and those positioned toward the utero-tubal junction identified 38 differentially expressed proteins in the two breeds. These proteins play a central role in nutrient transport and metabolism, as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation. Of particular interest is the finding that the placentas of LW gilts showed 14 differential expression of proteins mainly related to lipid transport and energy metabolism (including solute carrier family 27, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2), but only 2 proteins in MS gilts. In contrast, the differentially expressed proteins in MS gilts were primarily involved in transcriptional and translational regulation (such as ribosome-sec61 and 40S ribosomal protein S23), with a few related to glucose and coenzyme transport and metabolism (including glucose transport protein and ferrochelatase). Our results revealed that placental lipid and energy metabolism might play a crucial role in the regulation of foetal weight, based on uterine position in two distinct pig breeds. These findings provide a deeper understanding of placental efficiency that can be utilized to provide a new method to enhance the efficiency of livestock production.</p></div

Additional file 4: Table S4. of Maternal nutrition modulates fetal development by inducing placental efficiency changes in gilts

Differentially expressed proteins from iTRAQ experiments in HE group. (XLS 82 kb

Distribution of fetal and placental weights (g) within the uterine horn on day 35, 55 and 90 of gestation.

<p>Fetal and placental weights of Large White gilts in relation to fetal rank within the uterine horn (A, C, E); Fetal and placental weights of Meishan gilts in relation to fetal rank within the uterine horn (B, D, F). Fetal positions within the uterine horn were numbered from cervix (1) to tubal (6).</p

RT-PCR validation of eight proteins of differential abundance from the placenta from different uterine position at the mRNA level.

<p>Cervical: the fetuses at the position toward the cervix; Tubal: the fetuses at the position toward the utero-tubal junction; LW: Large White gilts; MS: Meishan gilts. GLUT1: Glucose transporter 1; GLUT3: Glucose transporter 3; SLC7A4: Cationic amino acid transporter 4; SLC27A1: Solute carrier family 27; ACADVL: Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase ACSL; NDUFV2: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2; ME1: NADP-dependent malic enzyme; RPS23: 40S ribosomal protein S23.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Maternal nutrition modulates fetal development by inducing placental efficiency changes in gilts

Original file supporting: influence of dietary energy level on the reproductive performance of gilts. (XLS 33 kb

Serum parameters of the fetuses from different uterine position on day 90 of gestation.

<p>Cervical: the fetuses at the position toward the cervix; Tubal: the fetuses at the position toward the utero-tubal junction; LW: Large White gilts; MS: Meishan gilts.</p

Proteomic Analysis of Fetal Ovary Reveals That Ovarian Developmental Potential Is Greater in Meishan Pigs than in Yorkshire Pigs

<div><p>Time-dependent expression of functional proteins in fetal ovaries is important to understand the developmental process of the ovary. This study was carried out to enhance our understanding of the developmental process of porcine fetal ovaries and to better address the differences in fetal ovary development of local and foreign pigs. The objective of the present study is to test the expression of key proteins that regulate the growth and development of fetal ovaries in Meishan and Yorkshire porcine breeds by using proteomics technology. Six Meishan and 6 Yorkshire pregnant gilts were used in this experiment. Fetal ovaries were obtained from Yorkshire and Meishan gilts on days 55 and 90 of the gestation period. Using 2D-DIGE (two dimensional-difference in gel electrophoresis) analysis, the results showed that there are about 1551 and 1400 proteins in gilt fetal ovaries on days 55 and 90, respectively of the gestation. Using MALDI TOF-TOF MS analysis, 27 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the fetal ovaries of the 2 breeds on day 55 of gestation, and a total of 18 proteins were identified on day 90 of gestation. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in the regulation of biological processes (cell death, stress response, cytoskeletal proteins) and molecular functions (enzyme regulator activity). We also found that alpha-1-antitrypsin, actin, vimentin, and PP2A proteins promote the formation of primordial follicles in the ovaries of Yorkshire pigs on day 55 of gestation while low expression heat shock proteins and high expression alpha-fetoproteins (AFP) may promote Meishan fetal ovarian follicular development on day 90 of gestation. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how reduced expression of heat shock proteins and increased expression of AFP can significantly reduce the risk of reproductive disease in obese Meishan sows. Our study also shows how these proteins can increase the ovulation rate and may be responsible for the low reproductive efficiency reported in other obese breeds. The ovarian developmental potential was found to be greater in Meishan pigs than in Yorkshire pigs.</p></div

Differentially expressed proteins in the placenta in Large White and Meishan gilts.

<p>Differentially expressed proteins in the placenta in Large White and Meishan gilts.</p

Representative DIGE gel image of differentially expressed proteins in Yorkshire and Meishan fetal ovaries at gestation day 90.

<p>The proteins extracted from the Yorkshire and Meishan fetal ovaries on day 90 of gestation samples were labelled with Cy3 and Cy5, respectively. An internal standard protein sample (a mixture of Yorkshire and Meishan fetal ovaries on day 90 of gestation samples) was labeled with the Cy2 dye. The L3-L6 and L9-L12 spots represent up-regulated proteins, while the others spots represent down-regulated proteins in the in Yorkshire fetal ovaries samples compared with the Meishan fetal ovaries samples. The number in the figure corresponds to the number shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135514#pone.0135514.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p