Beyond pairwise strategy updating in the prisoner's dilemma game

In spatial games players typically alter their strategy by imitating the most successful or one randomly selected neighbor. Since a single neighbor is taken as reference, the information stemming from other neighbors is neglected, which begets the consideration of alternative, possibly more realistic approaches. Here we show that strategy changes inspired not only by the performance of individual neighbors but rather by entire neighborhoods introduce a qualitatively different evolutionary dynamics that is able to support the stable existence of very small cooperative clusters. This leads to phase diagrams that differ significantly from those obtained by means of pairwise strategy updating. In particular, the survivability of cooperators is possible even by high temptations to defect and over a much wider uncertainty range. We support the simulation results by means of pair approximations and analysis of spatial patterns, which jointly highlight the importance of local information for the resolution of social dilemmas.Comment: 9 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Scientific Report

Lp⃗−Lq⃗L^{\vec{p}}-L^{\vec{q}} Boundedness of Multiparameter Forelli-Rudin Type Operators on the Product of Unit Balls of Cn\mathbb{C}^n

In this work, we provide a complete characterization of the boundedness of two classes of multiparameter Forelli-Rudin type operators from one mixed-norm Lebesgue space $L^{\vec p}$ to another space $L^{\vec q}$, when $1\leq \vec{p}\leq \vec q<\infty$, equipped with possibly different weights. Using these characterizations, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for both $L^{\vec p}-L^{\vec q}$ boundedness of the weighted multiparameter Berezin transform and $L^{\vec p}-A^{\vec q}$ boundedness of the weighted multiparameter Bergman projection, where $A^{\vec q}$ denotes the mixed-norm Bergman space. Our approach presents several novelties. Firstly, we conduct refined integral estimates of holomorphic functions on the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. Secondly, we adapt the classical Schur's test to different weighted mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces. These improvements are crucial in our proofs and allow us to establish the desired characterization and sharp conditions.Comment: 42 page

Artificial intelligence and automation in valvular heart diseases

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually changing every aspect of social life, and healthcare is no exception. The clinical procedures that were supposed to, and could previously only be handled by human experts can now be carried out by machines in a more accurate and efficient way. The coming era of big data and the advent of supercomputers provides great opportunities to the development of AI technology for the enhancement of diagnosis and clinical decision-making. This review provides an introduction to AI and highlights its applications in the clinical flow of diagnosing and treating valvular heart diseases (VHDs). More specifically, this review first introduces some key concepts and subareas in AI. Secondly, it discusses the application of AI in heart sound auscultation and medical image analysis for assistance in diagnosing VHDs. Thirdly, it introduces using AI algorithms to identify risk factors and predict mortality of cardiac surgery. This review also describes the state-of-the-art autonomous surgical robots and their roles in cardiac surgery and intervention

Dynamic Acoustic Compensation and Adaptive Focal Training for Personalized Speech Enhancement

Recently, more and more personalized speech enhancement systems (PSE) with excellent performance have been proposed. However, two critical issues still limit the performance and generalization ability of the model: 1) Acoustic environment mismatch between the test noisy speech and target speaker enrollment speech; 2) Hard sample mining and learning. In this paper, dynamic acoustic compensation (DAC) is proposed to alleviate the environment mismatch, by intercepting the noise or environmental acoustic segments from noisy speech and mixing it with the clean enrollment speech. To well exploit the hard samples in training data, we propose an adaptive focal training (AFT) strategy by assigning adaptive loss weights to hard and non-hard samples during training. A time-frequency multi-loss training is further introduced to improve and generalize our previous work sDPCCN for PSE. The effectiveness of proposed methods are examined on the DNS4 Challenge dataset. Results show that, the DAC brings large improvements in terms of multiple evaluation metrics, and AFT reduces the hard sample rate significantly and produces obvious MOS score improvement

Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>New genes generated by retroposition are widespread in humans and other mammalian species. Usually, this process copies a single parental gene and inserts it into a distant genomic location. However, retroposition of two adjacent parental genes, <it>i.e</it>. co-retroposition, had not been reported until the hominoid chimeric gene, <it>PIPSL</it>, was identified recently. It was shown how two genes linked in tandem (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha, <it>PIP5K1A </it>and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4, <it>PSMD4</it>) could be co-retroposed from a single RNA molecule to form this novel chimeric gene. However, understanding of the origination and biological function of <it>PIPSL </it>requires determination of the coding potential of this gene as well as the evolutionary forces acting on its hominoid copies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We tackled these problems by analyzing the evolutionary signature in both within-species variation and between species divergence in the sequence and structure of the gene. We revealed a significant evolutionary signature: the coding region has significantly lower sequence variation, especially insertions and deletions, suggesting that the human copy may encode a protein. Moreover, a survey across five different hominoid species revealed that all adaptive changes of <it>PSMD4</it>-derived regions occurred on branches leading to human and chimp rather than other hominoid lineages. Finally, computational analysis suggests testis-specific transcription of <it>PIPSL </it>is regulated by tissue-dependent methylation rather than some transcriptional leakage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Therefore, this set of analyses showed that <it>PIPSL </it>is an extraordinary co-retroposed protein-coding gene that may participate in the male functions of humans and its close relatives.</p

Optimized modeling and experiment test of a fluid inerter

This paper presents the fluid structure of the third passive vibration isolation element inerter. The fluid inerter ideally has the same characteristic that the force applying to the two terminals is proportional to the relative acceleration as the ball-screw inerter and rack-and-pinion inerter. An optimized nonlinear model of the fluid inerter is introduced, and the effect of nonlinearities compromising friction, oil density and viscosity of the fluid are discussed and analyzed. Simulations show that the friction has a great effect on the dynamic performance of fluid inerter in low frequency and the influence of the viscosity is not negligible. The damping force and the inertia force will become larger with the increase of the frequency and the inertia force will become more and more apparent in higher frequency. Furthermore, experiments are carried out to test the effectiveness of the fluid inerter. Results show that the optimized nonlinear model of the fluid inerter is deemed effective

Preliminary exploration of herbal tea products based on traditional knowledge and hypotheses concerning herbal tea selection: a case study in Southwest Guizhou, China

Background Herbal tea usually refers to “beverage plants that do not belong to the genus Camellia”, and it holds a significant historical legacy as a traditional beverage among specific regions and ethnic groups. In light of this, our research aims to investigate and analyze the traditional knowledge pertaining to herbal tea plants used by local peo- ple in the Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. We also initiated preliminary efforts to create tea products from herbal tea leaves using various processing techniques. Additionally, we attempted to test hypotheses to elucidate how local people select herbal tea plants. Methods Data related to the use of herbal tea plants in this study were collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations in four villages in Qianxinan. Quantitative indicators, including the relative frequency of citation (RFC) and the relative importance (RI) value, were calculated, and the availability of plants was also evalu- ated. General linear model was performed to examine the relationship between the frequency of citation and resource availability, as well as the correlation between the relative frequency of citation and the relative impor- tance, to test both the resource availability hypothesis and the versatility hypothesis. Centella asiatica tea was pro- cessed using techniques from green tea, black tea and white tea, with a preliminary sensory evaluation conducted. Results A total of 114 plant species were documented as being used for herbal teas by local residents, represent- ing 60 families and 104 genera. Of these, 61% of herbal tea plants were found growing in the wild, and 11 species were exotic plants. The family with the highest number of species was Asteraceae (20 species). The study identified 33 major medicinal functions of herbal tea, with clearing heat-toxin and diuresis being the most common func- tions. General linear model revealed a strong correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.72, p < 0.001) between the fre- quency of citation and plant availability, as well as a significant correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.63, p < 0.001) between RFC and RI. Under different processing conditions, the characteristics of Centella asiatica tea exhibited varia- tions and were found to be suitable for consumption

Study on TCM Syndrome Differentiation of Primary Liver Cancer Based on the Analysis of Latent Structural Model

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors because of its high incidence and high mortality. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an active role in the treatment of PLC. As the most important part in the TCM system, syndrome differentiation based on the clinical manifestations from traditional four diagnostic methods has met great challenges and questions with the lack of statistical validation support. In this study, we provided evidences for TCM syndrome differentiation of PLC using the method of analysis of latent structural model from clinic data, thus providing basis for establishing TCM syndrome criteria. And also we obtain the common syndromes of PLC as well as their typical clinical manifestations, respectively

The efficacy and safety of condoliase for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Chemonucleolysis is a minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). However, the low specificity of the enzyme and the existence of serious adverse events limit the application of chemonucleolysis. Clinical studies in recent years have shown that Chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase (condoliase) is a potential therapeutic enzyme for LDH. Aim. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of condoliase in LDH treatment.Methods: We searched Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The outcomes were the total effective rate, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score change, the proportion of lumbar surgery after condoliase treatment, herniated mass volume change, Pfirrmann grade change, and adverse events. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used for meta-, sensitivity, and bias analysis.Results: Ten studies were included. A single-arm meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78% [95% confidence interval (CI) 75%–81%], the proportion of surgery was 9% (95% CI 7%–12%), the proportion of Pfirrmann grade change was 43% (95%CI 38%–47%), and the adverse events were 4% (95% CI 2%–6%) after condoliase treatment. The two-arm meta-analysis showed that the ODI score change [standardized mean difference (SMD) −2.46, 95% CI −3.30 to −1.63] and the herniated mass volume change (SMD −16.97, 95% CI −23.92 to −10.03) of the condoliase treatment group were greater than those of the placebo control group, and there was no difference in adverse events between the two groups (OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.60–3.85). The results of sensitivity and publication bias analyses showed that the results were robust.Conclusion: Condoliase intradiscal injection has excellent eutherapeutic and safety for LDH, thus, has considerable potential as a treatment option besides conservative treatment and surgical intervention for LDH.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022375492, PROSPERO (CRD42022375492)