Studies on the regulation of solvent production and endospore formation in Clostridium Acetobutylicum P262

The aim of this study was to characterise the relationships between solventogenesis and endospore formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum strain P262. Growth and endospore formation was monitored in a number of complex and minimal media and as a result of these studies a new defined sporulation medium was developed. The defined system produced high levels of solvents and supported 60 80% sporulation in C. acetobutylicum P262. Endospore formation occurred near-synchronously, enabling this system to be used in correlative physiological and morphological studies. Five other Type Culture Clostridium strains grew and sporulated less well in the C. acetobutylicum minimal medium (CAMM). These variations emphasise the importance of strain differences amongst the Clostridia. Two well defined physiological phases, the acidogenic phase and the solventogenic phase, which characterise the industrial ABE fermentation process were observed in CAMM

Study of Leadership Characteristics During Transformational Change in Health Care Organizations

This qualitative research study explores the behavior of leaders during transformational change in health care organizations. For this study, health care workers, who had experienced transformational change within their organization in the previous three years, were interviewed about the behaviors of their leader. Findings of this study suggest leaders who regularly communication and support of team members; build organizational culture that supports collaboration and team work; and effectively plan for change initiatives, including providing adequate resources for the change, have more positive change initiatives than leaders who not demonstrate these behavior

Family, Time, and Meaning toward the End of Life in Japan

In contrast to media images of lonely deaths, stereotypes of the Japanese calm acceptance of dying, and the “naturalness” of dependency in old age or illness, this paper explores the complex ways in which changing perceptions of time refocus people towards the question of how to live. Time both narrows to the level of medication schedules and bodily functions, and expands to more immediate engagement with others in the past and future. The idea of a moral timeline of such changes builds upon recent work in the anthropology of morality by recognizing shifting ideas and actions people take to retain agency through suffering. People near the end of life in Japan commonly employ cultural idioms of effort, reciprocity, and gratitude to express their continual striving to be moral persons in a social world. Ultimately, such efforts determine not only how they see themselves and are seen by others through their final days, but whether theirs will be judged to be a “good death,” and thus the nature of the person’s continued social existence in spirit and memories after death. The moral timeline expressed by many of the people I met reflected intensified concern with becoming a burden and with reciprocity as the end of life came close. For many, that deepened their sense of engagement, sometimes transforming their relationships with others who would survive them or who had preceded them in death. The ethnographic data in this article come from a participant-observation study of adults of all ages with life-threatening illnesses, and from an interview study of frail elderly and their family caregivers in the early 21st century in urban and rural settings

Cytogenetic examination of 2,4 and 8 cell sheep eggs

International audienc

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Hydraulics are a first order control on CO2 efflux from fluvial systems

Evasion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fluvial systems is now recognized as a significant component of the global carbon cycle. However the magnitude of, and controls on, this flux remain uncertain and improved understanding of both are required to refine global estimates of fluvial CO2 efflux. CO2 efflux data show no pattern with latitude suggesting that catchment biological productivity is not a primary control and that an alternative explanation for inter-site variability is required. It has been suggested that increased flow velocity and turbulence enhance CO2 efflux, but this is not confirmed. Here, using contemporaneous measurements of efflux (range: 0.07 – 107 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), flow hydraulics (mean velocity range: 0.03 – 1.39 m s-1) and pCO2 (range: 174 – 10712 µatm) at six sites, we find that flow intensity is a primary control on efflux across two climatically different locations (where pH is not a limiting factor) and that the relationship is refined by incorporating the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) of the water. A remaining challenge is how to upscale from point to reach or river basin level. Remote imaging or river surface may be worth exploring if subjectivity in interpreting surface state can be overcome

Strategies for Integrating Wellness into Practicum Supervision

The high-stress work of the counseling profession has been linked to burnout and counselor impairment. This poses major ethical concerns for counseling practice. It has been suggested in the counseling literature that well-counselors are more helpful to their clients compared to those experiencing impairment and distress. Effective counselors are individuals continuously working toward enhancing their personal and professional wellness. Promoting student health and wellness begins with integrating this belief within counselor training programs. Wellness strategies may provide supervisors with tools to increase student wellness, prevent burnout, and assist in protecting clients from impaired counselors. This is essential because beginning counselors in training may not have knowledge about the importance of wellness as it relates to professional practice. This manuscript identifies the need to infuse wellness initiatives into the supervision experiences of master’s level counselors in training (CITs). Wellness models and concepts are discussed, a model for integrating wellness into CITs’ practicum supervisory experiences is proposed, and implications and future research directions are shared