8,589 research outputs found
Getting to the heart of a good fossil
This article is
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted
use and redistribution provided that
the original author and source are
credited.The discovery of perfectly preserved 113-119 million year old fossilised hearts in a Brazilian fish Rhacolepis has significant implications for palaeontology and comparative anatomy
Using Proxies for the Short Rate: When are Three Months Like an Instant?
The dynamics of the unobservable "short" or "instantaneous" rate of interest are frequently estimated using a proxy variable. We show the biases resulting from this practice (the "proxy" problem) are related to the derivatives of the proxy with respect to the short rate and the (inverse) function from the proxy to the short rate. Analytic results show that the proxy problem is not economically significant for single- factor affine models, for parameter values consistent with US data. In addition, for the two-factor affine model of Longstaff and Schwartz (1992), the proxy problem is only economically significant for pricing discount bonds with maturities of more than 5 years. We also describe two different procedures which can be used to assess the magnitude of the proxy problem in more general interest rate models. Numerical evaluation of a nonlinear single-factor model suggests that the proxy problem can significantly affect both estimates of the diffusion function and discount bond prices.interest rates, proxies, term structure
First articulated phyllolepid placoderm from North America, with comments on phyllolepid systematics
Copyright 2013 The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Published version of the paper reproduced here with permission from the publisher.The first articulated phyllolepid placoderm from North America (outside of Greenland) is described from the
Upper Devonian Catskill Formation in north-central Pennsylvania. Phyllolepis rossimontina Lane and Cuffey 2005, from the
same formation, and the genus Phyllolepis are reviewed based on the new Catskill Formation material and data from a range
of recently described Southern Hemisphere taxa. Phyllolepids can be a valuable tool for biostratigraphic correlation due to
their narrow age range within the Famennian stage of the Late Devonian in the Euramerican Province (Northern Hemisphere).
Faunal exchange between Euramerica and Gondwana during the Late Devonian and the association of Phyllolepis with early
tetrapods are discussed in the context of early tetrapod biogeography
A review of the genus Agapetus Curtis (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) in eastern and central North America, with description of 12 new species
Twenty-nine species of caddisflies in the genus Agapetus Curtis in eastern and central North America are reviewed. Twelve are described as new species: Agapetus aphallus (known only from females); Agapetus baueri, Agapetus flinti, Agapetus harrisi, Agapetus hesperus, Agapetus ibis, Agapetus kirchneri, Agapetus meridionalis, Agapetus pegram, Agapetus ruiteri, Agapetus stylifer, and Agapetus tricornutus. Agapetus rossi Denning 1941 is recognized as a junior subjective synonym of Agapetus walkeri (Betten and Mosely 1940), new synonym. A key to males is provided, and species’ distributions are mapped
Vibrational Satellites of CS, CS, and CS: Microwave Spectral Taxonomy as a Stepping Stone to the Millimeter-Wave Band
We present a microwave spectral taxonomy study of several hydrocarbon/CS
discharge mixtures in which more than 60 distinct chemical species, their more
abundant isotopic species, and/or their vibrationally excited states were
detected using chirped-pulse and cavity Fourier-transform microwave
spectroscopies. Taken together, in excess of 85 unique variants were detected,
including several new isotopic species and more than 25 new vibrationally
excited states of CS, CS, and CS, which have been assigned on the
basis of published vibration-rotation interaction constants for CS, or
newly calculated ones for CS and CS. On the basis of these precise,
low-frequency measurements, several vibrationally exited states of CS and
CS were subsequently identified in archival millimeter-wave data in the
253--280 GHz frequency range, ultimately providing highly accurate catalogs for
astronomical searches. As part of this work, formation pathways of the two
smaller carbon-sulfur chains were investigated using C isotopic
spectroscopy, as was their vibrational excitation. The present study
illustrates the utility of microwave spectral taxonomy as a tool for complex
mixture analysis, and as a powerful and convenient `stepping stone' to higher
frequency measurements in the millimeter and submillimeter bands.Comment: Accepted in PCC
Preliminary Investigation of the Heat Shock Resistant Properties of Molybdenum Disilicide Blades Under Centrifugal Load
An investigation to determine the heat-shock resistant properties of two molybdenum disilicide turbine blades under centrifugal loads imposed by turbine rotation is presented. Molybdenum disilicide turbine blades fabricated by hot-pressing techniques withstood heat-shock conditions under blade centrifugal stresses up to 5350 pounds per square inch. Additional development is required before the heat-shock resistant properties of molybdenum disilicide are satisfactory for turbine-blade application
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