Terebélidos (Terebellidae: Polychaeta: Annelida) del Caribe colombiano

Polychaetes have a high diversity and abundance in all oceans. They have important role as biological indicators of marine water quality. In Colombia, they have been studied for about 30 years, in which 43 families, 138 genera and 253 species have been identified, from central and north Colombian Caribbean coasts. The aim of this research was the taxonomic analysis of material belonging to the family Terebellidae, deposited in the Invemar Invertebrate Collection. Eight genera and 11 species of terebellids were previously identified; nevertheless, after this research, these numbers were increased to ten genera, and 17 species. The scarce information about polychaetes available in Colombia, and the lack of stardardized, updated taxonomic world revisions, not only for terebellids but also for the entire group of polychaetes, led to many incorrect species identifications, and the belief that some species are cosmopolitan in distribution. Anincrease in funding of basic taxonomic research will permit better estimates of the true polychaete diversity found in Colombian seas.Los poliquetos presentan una amplia diversidad y abundancia en todos los océanos. Su principal importancia radica en su uso como indicadores de calidad del agua, ayudando a identificar contaminación marina. El estudio de estos anélidos en Colombia lleva un poco mas de 30 años, durante los cuales se ha logrado identificar 43 familias, 138 géneros y 253 especies de poliquetos, principalmente de la costa central y norte del Caribe colombiano. El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar taxonómicamente el material correspondiente a la familia Terebellidae depositado en la Colección de Invertebrados de Invemar. El análisis de los ocho géneros y 11 especies previamente reportadas para esta familia, dio como resultado un aumento en ambas categorías, pues se encontró que hay realmente diez géneros y 17 especies. La escasez de información en el país, así como de revisiones taxonómicas mundiales estandarizadas, consistentes y actualizadas, tanto de esta familia como de otras, hace que se identifiquen incorrectamente las especies, considerando algunas especies como cosmopolitas. Por lo tanto, se considera que un incremento en el apoyo a la investigación básica, que apunte hacia el conocimiento de las especies, permitirá estimar la biodiversidad que realmente poseen los mares de Colombia

Poliquetos (Annelida: Polychaeta) como indicadores biológicos de contaminación marina: casos en Colombia

El concepto de Indicador Biológico ha sido usado sin mayor precaución al momento de emplear ciertos organismos en programas de monitoreo ambiental, lo cual genera confusión. Uno de los objetivos de este trabajo fue resaltar la importancia en la consolidación de una definición precisa de este concepto a partir de información disponible, proponiendo una definición para el mismo. Las características ecológicas de los poliquetos permiten que, al estar en contacto permanente con diferentes tipos de contaminantes, respondan bioacumulando, disminuyendo o aumentando su abundancia, según sea la especie, hecho que posiciona este tipo de organismos como potenciales indicadores de contaminación marina. En este artículo se presenta de manera concreta un análisis de la literatura disponible para poliquetos en el campo de los indicadores biológicos, resaltando cómo éstos han sido usados en diferentes metodologías, con ejemplos a internacionales, así como una selección especial para Colombia. De los resultados más sobresalientes se encontró que Capitella capitata es la especie más estudiada al estar asociada con ambientes contaminados a causa del incremento de materia orgánica y es la única especie reportada en el país como indicador biológico usando las técnicas clásicas de bioindicación. Finalmente, se reitera la importancia de iniciar investigaciones sobre los aspectos ecológicos, ecotoxicológicos y bioensayos de laboratorio con otras especies de poliquetos para validar cuáles especies y por qué pueden ser consideradas como indicadores biológicos para el país

Freshwater insects deposited in the Limnology Collection of the University of Antioquia, CLUA-035

The database of aquatic insects collected from freshwater systems in the departments of Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Córdoba, La Guajira, Santander and Sucre is described. The biological material presented here was part of different projects, such as environmental consulting, as well as field sampling by both undergraduate and postgraduate students from the Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia. The Antioquia’s University Limnology Collection, CLUA-035 has 3209 standardized lots published in online databases that are distributed among 11 orders, 91 families and 235 genera. However, Neuroptera and Orthoptera orders were not identified to lower taxonomic levels.Se describe la base de datos de los insectos acuáticos asociados a sistemas de agua dulce de los departamentos de Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Córdoba, La Guajira, Santander y Sucre. El material presentado hace parte de diferentes proyectos de consultoría ambiental, salidas de campo de cursos de pregrado del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad de Antioquia, y de muestreos de tesistas de posgrado, entre otros. La Colección Limnológica de la Universidad de Antioquia, CLUA-035, tiene 3209 registros estandarizados y publicados en portales de bases de datos; divididos en 11 órdenes, 91 familias y 235 géneros. No obstante, los órdenes Neuroptera y Orthoptera no fueron identificados a menores niveles taxonómicos

Insectos dulceacuícolas depositados en la Colección Limnológica de la Universidad de Antioquia, CLUA-035

The database of aquatic insects collected from freshwater systems in the departments of Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Córdoba, La Guajira, Santander and Sucre is described. The biological material presented here was a part of different projects, such as environmental consulting, as well as field sampling by both undergraduate and postgraduate students from the Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia. The Antioquia’s University Limnology Collection, CLUA-035 has 3209 standardized lots published in online databases that are distributed among 11 orders, 91 families and 235 genera. However, Neuroptera and Orthopteraorders were not identified to lower taxonomic levels. Se describe la base de datos de los insectos acuáticos asociados a sistemas de agua dulce de los departamentos de Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Córdoba, La Guajira, Santander y Sucre. El material presentado hace parte de diferentes proyectos de consultoría ambiental, salidas de campo de cursos de pregrado del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad de Antioquia, y de muestreos de tesistas de posgrado, entre otros. La Colección Limnológica de la Universidad de Antioquia, CLUA-035, tiene 3209 registros estandarizados y publicados en portales de bases de datos; divididos en 11 órdenes, 91 familias y 235 géneros. No obstante, los órdenes Neuroptera y Orthoptera no fueron identificados a menores niveles taxonómicos

Insectos dulceacuícolas depositados en la Colección Limnológica de la Universidad de Antioquia, CLUA-035

Se describe la base de datos de los insectos acuáticos asociados a sistemas de agua dulce de los departamentos de Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Córdoba, La Guajira, Santander y Sucre. El material presentado hace parte de diferentes proyectos de consultoría ambiental, salidas de campo de cursos de pregrado del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad de Antioquia, y de muestreos de tesistas de posgrado, entre otros. La Colección Limnológica de la Universidad de Antioquia, CLUA-035, tiene 3209 registros estandarizados y publicados en portales de bases de datos; divididos en 11 órdenes, 91 familias y 235 géneros. No obstante, los órdenes Neuroptera y Orthoptera no fueron identificados a menores niveles taxonómicos

Polychaetes as biological indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean

Este artículo cuenta con una adenda, ver DOI: 10.47193/mafis.3422021010606.Los poliquetos (Annelida) son organismos en íntimo contacto con el sedimento donde viven y el agua sobrenadante. El estrés ambiental genera rápidas respuestas en estos organismos que se refleja en los individuos y sus poblaciones, por lo que se utilizan como indicadores biológicos de disturbios y de calidad ambiental. Los poliquetos han sido ampliamente utilizados en monitoreo ambiental y en bioensayos, y muchos estudios ecotoxicológicos se realizan con poliquetos. En casi todos los hábitats bentónicos estos organismos juegan un papel muy importante en la organización y estructura de las comunidades bentónicas y redes tróficas. Son un ítem fundamental en la alimentación de otros invertebrados y de aves migratorias y peces. Los poliquetos también tienen importancia económica para la industria farmacéutica, y de alimentos concentrados para especies marinas de cultivo (peces y crustáceos), en el campo médico y en la bioingeniería, además de la recreativa (acuarofilia, carnada) y por supuesto para el consumo humano. Varios de los índices de impacto ambiental y calidad ambiental existentes se basan en las características de tolerancia/sensibilidad de los organismos bentónicos, y muchos de ellos son poliquetos. Existen unos pocos trabajos de revisión de estos organismos como indicadores, pero todos en idioma inglés. Este trabajo muestra una actualización de los datos referidos a Latinoamérica y el Caribe, e incluye una amplia revisión bibliográfica.Polychaetes (Annelida) are in intimate contact with the sediment where they live and the supernatant water. Environmental stress generates rapid responses in these organisms that are reflected in individuals and their populations, so they are used as biological indicators of disturbance and environmental quality. Polychaetes have been widely used in environmental monitoring and bioassays and many ecotoxicological studies are carried out with polychaetes. In almost all benthic habitats, these organisms play a very important role in the organization and structure of benthic communities and trophic webs. They are a fundamental item in invertebrates feeding and for migratory birds and fishes. Polychaetes are also economically important for the pharmaceutical industry, as concentrated food for cultured marine species (fish and crustaceans), in the medical field and in bioengineering, as well as to recreational (aquarium, bait) and of course for human consumption. Several of the existing environmental impact and quality indices are based on the tolerance/sensitivity characteristics of benthic organisms, and many of them are polychaetes. There are a few revision works of these organisms as indicators, but they are written in English. This work shows an upgrade referring to Latin America including an extensive literature review

Polycirrus angeli Londoño-Mesa 2009, sp. nov.

Polycirrus angeli sp. nov. Figures 5D–G Type material: Holotype UANL 6490 Hornos, Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico (19°18'N 91°11'W), 30.V.2003; Pl.3. Paratypes UANL 6491 (3) Hornos, Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico, (19°18'N 91°11'W), 30.V.2003; Pl.2. Additional material: Gulf of Mexico: Veracruz State: UANL 4190 (1) Boquillas de Oro, 10.VIII.1999; BO-01. UANL 4193 (2) Villa Rica, 10.VIII.1999; VR-02. UANL 4194 (1) Villa del Mar, 1.VIII.2000; V-02. UANL 4705 (1) Boquillas de Oro, 11.VII.2000; BO-01. UANL 4707 (3) Villa Rica, 11.VII.2000; VR-03. UANL 4909 (1) Villa del Mar, 12.VII.2000; V-05. UANL 4710 (1) Villa del Mar, 12.VII.2000; V-06. UANL 5508 (1) Blanca, 14.IV.2002; Pl. 2. UANL 5986 (1) Hornos, 14.VII.2002; Pl. 2. UANL 6004 (3) Hornos, 16.VI.2002; Pl. 1. UANL 6492 (2) Blanca, 16.I.2002; Pl. 1. UANL 6493 (1) Blanca, 14.IV.2002; Pl. 1. UANL 6494 (3) Hornos, 30.V.2003; Pl. 1. UANL 6495 (1) Pajaros, 30.V.2003; Pl. 2. UANL 6496 (1) Pajaros, 16.VI.2003; Pl. 2. UANL 6497 (1) Blanca, 21.VII.2002; Pl. 1. Panamanian Pacific: ECOSUR TERE-13 (1) Sherman Fort, Colon, 2.VI.2002. TERE-13 (four vials with 2,2,3, 6 specimens each one) Club Nautico, Colon, 3.VI.2002. Etymology: This species is dedicated to Jesus Angel de Leon-Gonzalez, for his great contribution to the knowledge of Mexican polychaetes. Also, he was the collector of the type specimens and of almost all the additional specimens. Description: Holotype complete, 56 segments; 17mm long and, 0.8mm wide. Dorsum smooth (Fig. 5D). Tentacles long, and short, with swollen tips. Upper lip fused to the tentacular membrane, folded in the base. Lower lip swollen, well developed, and close to first ventral shield. Three pairs of nephridial papillae from segment 4, short, digitiform, between notopodia and ventral shields (Fig. 5E). Nine pairs of ventral shields from segment 1, large, swollen; last 4 pairs of shields larger. Thirty-one pairs of notopodia, from segment 2, long, each with one small terminal cirrus (Fig. 5F); notochaetae of two types on the same notopodium, smooth lancelolate, and pinnate. Neuropodia from segment 7; uncini MF:3:2–3:0–2 (Fig. 5G); USr wide; SrP slightly visible; SrA absent; AP rounded; AF absent; Bs convex; PP rounded; PF absent; Cp slightly curved, with three rows of teeth over the MF. Pygidium narrow; five anal papillae. Staining Pattern: Deep staining pattern on ventral shields and glandular tissue ventral to neuropodia from segments 10–11. The remaining structures, including the digitate nephridial papillae, do not stain significantly. Variations: Additional specimens have 45–53 segments, 4.6–8mm long, thorax 5mm long and 0.3–1mm wide. Some variation is shown also in the number of pairs of notopodia. Specimens with complete thorax have 20–25 pairs of notopodia. Thus, P. angeli sp. nov. has variable number of pairs of notopodia, from 20– 31. The number of nephridial papillae is variable; one additional specimen has digitate papillae on segments 2–4, while others have them on segments 2–6, with those on segments 4–6 longer. Thus, it could be that the maximum number of papillae in the species is 6, and they are more numerous and better developed depending on body size and sexual maturity. Finally, there are up to 10 ventral shields and up to 10 lobes in the pygidium in some specimens. Discussion: Polycirrus angeli sp. nov., is similar to P. plumosus (Wollebaek, 1912), from Norway, and other species, by having two types of notochaetae. Nevertheless, it differs from other species previously described and from P. plumosus by the range and number of pairs of notopodia, the segment on which uncini first appear, and the number of nephridial papillae. According to Holthe (1986a), P. plumosus has 17–19 segments with notochaetae, uncini on the first abdominal segment, and nephridial papillae from segments 3–8 or 9. Type locality: Hornos, Veracruz, Mexico. Distribution: Lower Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Panamanian coast.Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/531617

Lanicola Hartmann-Schroder 1986

Lanicola Hartmann-Schröder, 1986 Hartmann-Schöder, 1986:58.— Capa & Hutchings, 2006:14. Paraeupolymnia, Young & Kritzler, 1987:687–689.— Londoño-Mesa, 2006:23–24. Type species: Lanicola lobata Hartmann-Schröder, 1986, by original designation. Diagnosis: Branchiae on segments 2–3; eyespots sometimes present; lateral lappets on segments 2 (lateroventrally) and 3 (latero-dorsally); ventral shields from segment 2; pairs of nephridial papillae on segments 3– 4 and 6–7, anterior dorsum sometimes papillose; 17 pairs of notopodia from segment 4; chaetae bilimbate smooth-tipped; neuropodia from segment 5; uncini avicular in single rows on segments 5–10; in double rows, arranged face to face, until segment 20; thereafter in single rows. Remarks: The genus was recently emended by Capa and Hutchings (2006). They synonymized Paraeupolymnia Young & Kritzler, 1987 with this genus. Thus, after their study, the genus has five valid species, L. lobata Hartmann-Schröder, 1986, L. carus (Young & Kritzler, 1987), L. eduardoi Capa & Hutchings, 2006, L. garciagomezi (Londoño-Mesa, 2006), and L. guillermoi Capa & Hutchings, 2006.Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/531617

Neoamphitrite glasbyi Londono-Mesa & Carrera-Parra 2005

Neoamphitrite glasbyi Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005 Neoamphitrite glasbyi Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005:22–23; Figs 6 A-E. Type material: Holotype ECOSUR 056 Off Majahual, Mexican Caribbean (18°41'51"N 87°41'34.8"W), R/V “Edwin Link” Sta. 2783, 24.VIII.1990; 59m. Additional material: Antilles: UMML 22.983 (1) Trinidad (11°25'N 62°40'W), R/V “Pillsbury” Sta. 709; 19.VII.1978; 71m. UMML 22.388 (2) Southeastern Dominican Republic (18°19'N 70°46'W), R/V “Pillsbury” Sta. 1298; 30.VII.1970; 23m. (as Terebella rubra). UMML 22.998 (5) North Dominican Republic (20°00'N 71°41'W), R/V “ Pillsbury ” Sta. 1148; 1.I.1970; 38m. Diagnosis: Holotype complete, with 82 segments, 21mm long; thorax 13mm long, 2.5mm wide. Small swellings on segment 4, between notopodial base and nephridial papillae. Branchiae branched. Fourteen ventral shields. Eight pairs of rounded nephridial papillae. Thirty-nine segments with notopodia; notochaetae of two lengths sub-distally bilimbate and distally serrated. Uncini in double rows in segments 11–41; uncini avicular MF:4–5:5–6:8–10. Pygidium rounded, with about 10 short papillae. Staining pattern: Only ventral shields stain deeply. Rest of structures remain pale. Variation: Complete specimens have 79–82 segments, with 37 pairs of notopodia, and are 51.5–65.0mm long. Thus, the ratio segments/chaetigers for the additional specimens is 2:1 (79/37), the same found in the holotype (82/39), which means that this species has segments with notopodia present until mid body. Width is 4.5–5.5mm in all specimens. Nephridial papillae present in segments 2–10, which indicates that the species could be considered having papillae from segment 2, and that in the holotype the first pair of papillae are not well developed. Ventral shields appear to extend up to segment 18. Discussion: A complete description of the species was provided by Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra (2005). The original distribution of the species has been expanded to include records from the Dominican Republic and Trinidad. Nevertheless, as for other species in this revision, there were insufficient additional specimens to confirm whether this species occurs also in coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and Central America. The report by Kritzler (1984) of Neoamphitrite edwardsi (de Quatrefages, 1865) differs from this species in having lateral lappets on segments 2–4, nephridial papillae absent, ventral shields from segment 6, and uncini with more rows of teeth. Type locality: Majahual, Mexican Caribbean. Distribution: Majahual (Mexican Caribbean), Dominican Republic and Trinidad, in 23– 71m.Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/531617

Pistella papillosa Londoño-Mesa 2009, comb. nov.

Pistella papillosa (Tourtellotte & Kritzler, 1988) comb. nov. Figures 15 A-H Scionella papillosa, Tourtellotte & Kritzler, 1988:79–81, Fig. 1. Pista papillosa, Saphronova, 1991:246. Type material: Paratypes USNM 99377 (1) Sanibel Island, Florida (26°17′24″N 82°19′57″W), 6.XII.1983; 16m. (Holotype USNM 99376 (1) not examined). Additional material: Gulf of Mexico: Veracruz State: UANL 6501 (1) Pajaros, 30.V.2003; Pl.1. Antilles: ZMA V.Pol. 7541D (1) Awa di Oospunt, Hylech, Curaçao, 14.IX.1975; 3–4m. Description: Paratype complete, in two fragments, anterior fragment with 30 segments, 12.5mm long; thorax 7mm long, 0.7mm wide (Fig. 15A). Posterior fragment with 82 segments, 15.1mm long. Tentacular membrane reduced; eyespots absent; tentacles long and thin. Upper lip long, folded dorsally. Lower lip small. First pair of lateral lappets elongate laterally (Fig. 15B); second pair smaller than first, laterally covering segment 2. Third pair of lateral lappets more dorsal than first pair (Fig. 15C). One pair of branchiae on segment 2, pompom-like (branching filaments in a spiralled arrangement), usually one of the branchiae longer, as long as about 7 thoracic segments. Nephridial papillae on segments 6–7, almost inconspicuous. Fifteen ventral shields, equal-sized, from segment 3; first two shields shorter, rectangular, then, shields trapezoidal, all of same size. Notochaetae smooth and symmetrically bilimbate, distally pointed, in two lengths with similar shape alternating long and short in the same fascicle (Figs 15 D-F). Anterior thoracic neuropodia with 10–12 uncini per tori, and posterior thoracic uncini with 8–10 uncini per tori. Thoracic uncini (Fig. 15G) MF:5–6:5– 6:4–5 PP and PF absent; Oc concave; Cp with 3 series of teeth over a curved MF; USr short, flat; SrP short, poorly developed; SrA not seen; LSr convex; AP long, rounded; AF absent; Bs strongly convex. Abdomal neuropodia with 5–7 uncini per tori or less in posterior abdomen; MF:4–5:4–5:3–4, PP and PF absent, Oc curved; Cp with 3 series of teeth over curved MF; USr flat; SrP absent, LSr convex; AP and AF absent; Bs strongly convex. Abdominal neuropodia flat, with long tori, until segment 35; then, tori shorter through posterior end. Last neuropodia closer to each other. Pygidium smooth, without papillae (Fig. 15H). Staining pattern: Lateral lappets on segments 1 and 3, dorsum on segments 2–4 and anterior margin of the ventral shields stain deeply (Figs 15 A-C). All ventral shields stain deeply, with a lighter line on the posterior edge (Fig. 15A); gap between shields papillate; papillae in two groups laterally to a ventral middle line. The remaining thoracic and abdominal structures exempt from staining. Variations: Additional specimen has 80 segments, 8mm long, thorax 3mm long, 0.5mm wide, with abdomen damaged by segments 25–30. Discussion: Saphronova (1991) considered that Scionella papillosa belonged to Pista, because of the presence of one pair of pompom-like (bottle-brush) branchiae on segment 2, and notochaetae with smooth tips. But Scionella has one pair of branchiae on segment 4 and notochaetae distally serrated. On the other hand, Pista is characterized by uncini with long posterior process and filament in all thoracic uncinigers. Thus, since this species has one pair of bottle brush-like branchiae in segment 2, and all thoracic uncini without a posterior process and posterior filament but with the base strongly curved and convex, this species belongs to Pistella Hartmann-Schröder, 1996. Type locality: Sanibel Island, Florida, USA. Distribution: Florida, Curaçao. From shallow water to 16m.Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/531617