Smarandachely t-path step signed graphs

Characterizing signed graphs which are switching equivalent to their Smarandachely 3-path step signed graphs

The Dual Neighborhood Number of a Graph

A set S ⊆ V (G) is a neighborhood set of a graph G = (V,E), if G = v∈SN[v]�, where N[v]� is the sub graph of a graph G induced by v and all vertices adjacent to v. The dual neighborhood number η+2(G) = Min. {|S1|+ |S2| : S1, S2 are two disjoint neighborhood set of G}. In this paper, we extended the concept of neighborhood number to dual neighborhood number and its relationship with other neighborhood related parameters are explored.

Experimental investigations on wave transmission at submerged breakwater with smooth and stepped slopes

Submerged breakwaters are gaining more popularity as a potential coastal protection structure resulting in moderate wave transmission with significant wave energy dissipation. Submerged breakwaters are mainly adopted to prevent erosion and to dissipate the incident wave energy. In addition, the premature wave breaking facilitates the wave surfing activities by proper designing of submerged breakwater. In the present study, the experiments are conducted on submerged breakwaters in a two dimensional wave flume to investigate the influence of stepped and smooth front slope of the submerged breakwater, its height and width in reducing wave energy. A total number of eighteen sets of experiments has been conducted for three different breakwater heights (31cm, 28cm and 26cm) and three different breakwater widths (10cm, 20cm and 30cm) with stepped and smooth front slope of breakwater. The submerged breakwater models are subjected to regular waves of four different wave heights and five different wave periods in a constant water depth of 31cm, to determine wave transmissions characteristics. The influence of relative breakwater width, relative depth of submergence of the breakwater and roughness of breakwater front slope on wave transmission are analyzed and discussed in this paper.DAA

Influence of Oxidation on Fracture Toughness of Carbon-Carbon Composites for High-Temperature Applications

Carbon-Carbon Composites (C-CC), used as composites for their remarkable qualities in the space industry as well as in many other industry sectors. C-CC has proven to be the most efficient material in extreme temperature situations. One of the best high-temperature materials with good thermal quality, such as high-temperature stability, outstanding thermal conductivity and low-temperature expansion coefficients. In aircraft, railways, trucks and even race vehicles, C-CC brake disks are in high demand. In comparison to the favorable thermal and mechanical qualities of C-CC, their great sensitivity to oxidation in an oxidizing environment at temperatures even around 400°C is a major restriction with these composites. In particular, a study of the C-CC oxidation mechanism helps to create protective measures for these composites. The present experimental study explores the influence of oxidation in static air on the fracture toughness of C-CC. At a temperature of around 400°C to 700°C in an increase of 100°C, an oxidation evaluation of the material was carried out in static air. Results show a decrease in fracture toughness to increase in the temperature. We can observe that C-CC fracture toughness is severely affected by oxidation. The variation began at 400°C from 6% and was anticipated at 700°C up to 45%

Adventitious shoot regeneration in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (Pedaliaceae) via deembryonated cotyledonary explants

ABSTRACT Adventitious shoot regeneration in sesame, via de-embryonated cotyledonary explants, was attempted using six diverse genotypes; two were land races (Kankapura Local -KNL and Tamil Nadu Local-TNL), three were released varieties (DS-1, DSS-9 and WII) and a breeding line (RT-273). Three media compositions (½ MS basal media supplemented with 20 μM TDZ + 2.5 μM IAA and with or without 25 μM BAP and full MS basal media supplemented with only 25 μM BAP) were used of which highest shoot regeneration (100%) with 8.15 and 7.37 shoot numbers per cotyledon was achieved in RT-273 in both the combinations (½ MS with 20 µM TDZ+ 2.5 µM IAA+ 25 µM BAP or without BAP) followed by DS-1(100% and 95.55% with 6.15 and 3.89), KNL (88.88% and 7.55) and TNL (88.88% and 5.73) respectively in ½ MS with 20 µM TDZ+ 2.5 µM IAA+ 25 µM BAP. MS with 25 µM BAP alone failed to induce shoot regeneration

Value Chain Management in Production and Marketing of Groundnut in Raichur District of Karnataka

The study has investigated the value chain management in production and marketing of groundnut in the Raichur district of Karnataka during kharif 2008. In groundnut, TMV-2 is the ruling variety occupying 85 per cent of the area in the district, but it is prone to pests and cut worm leaf minor; disease such as groundnut bud necrosis and leaf spot cause damage to the extent of 25 per cent of the yield. This has led to a decline in area under groundnut in the district, especially during kharif in comparison with rabi/summer season. Therefore, it is necessary to replace TMV-2 with high-yielding varieties incorporating the traits preferred along the value chain, i.e., production, consumption and marketing of groundnut. The existing seed supply system is meeting the seed requirement only to the extent of 7 per cent. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the existing seed supply system for speedy seed multiplication and distribution of seeds to the farming communit