Polymorphism of genes associated with infectious lung diseases in Northern Asian populations and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

The innate Iнн\mmune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes – rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene – have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP (odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian populations in the variants’ prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions

Core acid treatment influence on well reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field

The research involves investigation of the influence of hydrochloric acid (HCI-12%) and mud acid ( mixture: HCl - 10 % and HF - 3 %) treatment on the Upper-Jurassic reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field wells. The sample collection included three lots of core cylinders from one and the same depth (all in all 42). Two lots of core cylinders were distributed as following: first lot - reservoir properties were determined, and, then thin sections were cut off from cylinder faces; second lot- core cylinders were exposed to hydrochloric acid treatment, then, after flushing the reservoir properties were determined, and thin sections were prepared. Based on the quantitative petrographic rock analysis, involvin 42 thin sections, the following factors were determined: granulometric mineral composition, cement content, intergranular contacts and pore space structure. According to the comparative analysis of initial samples, the following was determined: content decrease of feldspar, clay and mica fragments, mica, clay and carbonate cement; increase of pore spaces while in the investigated samples- on exposure of rocks to acids effective porosity and permeability value range is ambiguous

Cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal changes of the sportsmen with polymorphisms of col1a1 gene

Целью исследования явилось определение влияния полиморфизма гена COL1A1 на состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы и опорно-двигательного аппарата у спортсменов. Обследованы 85 спортсменов в возрасте от 9 до 32 лет (средний возраст составил 23,2±4,3), которые занимались игровыми и циклическими видами спорта. Изменения в опорно-двигательном аппарате у спортсменов определяли с помощью антропометрии и соматоскопии, для оценки кардиогемодинамических сдвигов применяли эходопплеркардиогрфическое обследование, полиморфизм гена COL1A1 определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции. Результаты исследования полиморфизма rs1800012 гена COL1A1 показали значительную распространенность среди исследуемых спортсменов гетерозиготного варианта GT, который встречался с частотой 67,1%, при этом гомозиготный вариант гена – ТТ установлен в 3,5%. Фенотипически генотип ТТ полиморфизма rs1800012 гена COL1A1 проявлялся в долихостеномелии, гипермобильности суставов, увеличении частоты деформаций позвоночника и эластичности кожи, уменьшении толщины кожи и, как следствие, в увеличении общего показателя вовлечения соединительной ткани в диспластический процесс, что связано с нарушени ем качественного состава соединительнотканного каркаса. Функционально неблагоприятный генотип ТТ приводит к изменениям морфологии сердца и крупных сосудов и отклонениям в процессах релаксации миокарда.The purpose of the study of the study is an identification of the extension and impact of polymorphism of COL1A1 gene on cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal state of athletes. 85 people in the ages from 9 to 32 (the average age was 23.2±4.3 years) with polymorphisms rs 1800012 of COL1A1 gene were examined during this investigation. With the help of anthropometry and somatoscopy skeletal abnormalities were established. To cardiohemodynamic investigation was used echocardiography. Polymorphisms of COL1A1 gene analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction method. The study results of polymorphism of COL1A1gene rs 1800012 expansion pointed at the critical extension of heterozygous gene GT in the selected for analysis population however heterozygous gene TT is found only with frequency of 3.5%. Associated trait of genotype TT of polymorphisms of COL1A1gene rs 1800012 involves dolichostenomelia, joints’ hypermobility, frequency increase of back bone deflection and as a result rising CT exhaustion level in dysplastic process that is corresponded with abnormality of CT skeleton qualitative composition. Functionary unfavorable genotype TT leads to the changes in heart morphology, major vessels and myocardium relaxation process deflection

Detection of Five New RRATs at 111 MHz

Results of 111-MHz monitoring observations carried out on the Big Scanning Antenna of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory during September 1-28, 2015 are presented. Fifty-four pulsating sources were detected at declinations $-9^o < \delta < +42^o$. Forty-seven of these are known pulsars, five are new sources, and two are previously discovered transients. Estimates of the peak flux densities and dispersion measures are presented or all these sources.Comment: published in Astronomy Report, translated by Yandex translator with correction of scientific lexis, 8 pages, 2 figures, 3 table

Associations of changes in lipid metabolism parameters and the severity of COVID-19 infection in Novosibirsk residents

Aim. To study the associations of changes in lipid metabolism parameters and the severity of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 270 patients aged 26-84 years (mean age, 53,09±13,22 years) who had COVID-19 within prior two months, which were divided into 3 groups: mild (1, n=128), moderate (2, n=128) and severe (3, n=14) COVID-19. Patients were assessed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In addition, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS software package (version 13.0).Results. Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of TG and AIP compared with patients with moderate and mild course. BMI and WC were significantly higher in patients in groups 2 and 3 compared with patients in group 1. In women, BMI and AIP levels were significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 group compared to groups 1 and 2. HDL-C levels were lower in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to those with moderate disease. WHR was higher among men in group 3 compared with group 1.Conclusion. Patients with severe COVID-19 have higher BMI, WC, AIP, TG levels, and lower HD-C levels. The relative odds for severe COVID-19 are associated with increased WC, AIP, TG, and lower HDL-C

Application of Basophil Activation Test with Anthraxin for Laboratory ( <I>in vitro</I>) Diagnostics of Anthrax

Demonstrated is the possibility to use in vitro basophil activation test with anthraxin, with registration of the results by means of flow cytometry, for anthrax diagnostics. This approach seems promising as it provides quantitative assessment of sensitization of the organism and does not cause its additional allergization. The duration of the analysis is 1h. The test is suggested for application, as an express one, for early and retrospective laboratory diagnostics of anthrax, estimation of post-vaccinal immunity

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic liver dysfunction in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Our study aimed to explore associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic liver dysfunction influence on the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 215 patients (39.50 % of men) aged 26–60 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 99), moderate and severe (n = 116) by anamnesis. Hepatic steatosis index (HIS), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, glucose and triglyceride content, systolic and diastolic pressure were calculated and abdominal ultrasound examination was done. Results. In the group with moderate and severe course of COVID-19, the proportion of patients diagnosed with NAFLDaccording to the HSI index was significantly higher compared to patients with mild coronavirus infection. Patients with mild COVID-19, who were diagnosed with NAFLD, had higher alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, glucose and triglyceride content, BMI, systolic and diastolic pressure, waist circumference compared to patients without NAFLD. Similar differences persisted for patients with moderate and severe course. With the step-by-step exclusion of cardiometabolic parameters from the logistic regression model, the triglyceride content and BMI retained association with steatohepatosis according to ultrasound data, regardless of severity. When creating a similar model for the HSI index, significant correlation was shown for alanine aminotransferase activity in patients with mild COVID-19, for alanine aminotransferase activity and BMI – in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Conclusions. Patients with NAFLD have a more severe course of COVID-19. In addition, associations of the severity of COVID-19 with a combination of NAFLD and other cardiometabolic changes in the body, such as arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, were revealed

Сравнительное исследование эффективности нестероидных противовоспалительных средств неселективного действия у пациентов с тотальным эндопротезированием коленного и тазобедренного суставов

Objective: to compare the postoperative efficacy and safety of non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients undergoing endoprosthetic total knee and hip arthroplasty (ETKAP and ETHAP). Subjects and methods. The study included 60 patients who were referred for ETKAP or ETHAP and randomly assigned to 3 groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 patients were anesthetized with ketorolac, metamizol, and paracetamol, respectively. Real-time evaluation of the efficiency of postoperative analgesia was carried out within 3 days after surgery; the patients were questioned about bowel function, the onset of the first active movement in the ward, and occurring unpleasant sensations. Results. Reduced or no appetite was more common in the paracetamol and metamizol groups than in the ketorolac; the paracetamol group was found to have dizziness in 20% of cases, which was not observed in the two other groups. The patients who started to have routine hospital diet in the first 24 postoperative hours were significantly fewer among the paracetamol-treated patients. The shortest time to the first active movement was observed in the ketorolac group, which corresponded to the end of the first 24 hours and significantly distinguished it from the other groups. This appeared to be due to the best analgesic effect that, after epidural block, was significantly more effective (according to VAS scores) in the ketorolac group, if not enhanced in any group, which agrees with information available on the drug as a worthy alternative to opioids due to its valid analgesic effect. Conclusion. __Intravenous ketorolac is a worthy alternative to narcotic analgesics in ensuring the comfortable course of the immediate postoperative period in patients operated on the knee and hip joints. Key words: ketorolac (ketorol), postoperative analgesia, endoprosthetic knee and hip arthroplasty.Цель исследования : сравнить эффективность и безопасность НПВС неселективного действия в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов, перенесших тотальное эндопротезирование коленного и тазобедренного суставов. Материал и методы. В исследование включено 60 пациентов, направленных на операцию тотального эндопротезирования коленного (ТЭПКС) или тазобедренного сустава (ТЭПТБС), распределенных случайным образом на 3 группы. В первой группе обезболивание выполняли кеторолаком, во второй — метамизолом, в третьей — парацетамолом. В реальном времени оценивалась эффективность послеоперационного обезболивания в течение 3 суток после операции, проводилось анкетирование пациентов о функциональном состоянии кишечника, времени первого активного движения по палате и возникающих неприятных ощущениях. Результаты: снижение или отсутствие аппетита достоверно более часто выявлялось в группе пациентов, получавших парацетамол и метамизол в сравнении с группой больных, которым обезболивание проводили кеторолаком; в группе парацетамола в 20% случаев отмечалось головокружение, чего не было отмечено в двух других. Среди пациентов, получавших парацетамол, достоверно меньше было таких, кто начинал питаться обычной больничной пищей в первые сутки после операции. Время до первого активного движения было наиболее кратким в группе кеторолака, что соответствовало окончанию первых суток и достоверно отличало этих пациентов от прочих. По-видимому, это было связано с наилучшим анальгетическим эффектом, который по окончании эпидурального блока хотя и не усилился ни в одной из групп, был достоверно более эффективным (по ВАШ) именно в группе кеторолака, что согласуется с имеющимися сведениями о препарате как о достойной альтернативе опиоидам по силе анальгетического эффекта. Заключение: внутривенная форма кеторолака является достойной альтернативой наркотическим анальгетикам в обеспечении комфортного течения ближайшего послеоперационного периода у пациентов, оперированных на коленном и тазобедренном суставах. Ключевые слова: кеторолак (кеторол), послеоперационное обезболивание, эндопротезирование коленного и тазобедренного сустава

STUDYING DEVELOPMENT OF POST-VACCINAL CELLULAR IMMUNITY AGAINST BRUCELLOSIS BY MEANS OF LYMPHOCYTE <i>IN VITRO</i> TESTS USING AN EXPERIMENTAL ANTIGENIC COMPLEX

Regulatory framework and methodological approaches to evaluation of immunological effects of vaccination against brucellosis are not established, and the degree of immunological post-vaccinal rearrangement is not yet developed. Due to leading role of cellular immunity in formation of immune protection against brucellosis, evaluation the cellular response in response to antigenic stimulation may be considered the most informative and objective approach to analysis of immune changes in the body during vaccination. In order to develop the most diagnostically informative methods for design of antigen-stimulation cell tests in vitro, a careful selection of a stimulating agent (antigen) is required, which should have a sufficient activating potential, thus providing specificity of reaction under in vitro conditions. The aim of the present study is to study the in vitro specific activity of a protein-polysaccharide antigenic complex from the Brucella abortus 19 BA strain (BrAg), and an opportunity of its application in order to assess the formation of post-vaccinal cellular immunity against brucellosis.The study was performed with white laboratory mice (n = 50) immunized with the Brucella abortus 19 BA strain. The control group (n = 50) consisted of laboratory mice that received a sterile saline solution in a volume of 0.5 ml. Blood samples were taken from immunized and control animals before vaccination, and 7, 14, 21, and 30 days after immunization. By means of flow cytometry, the activation molecules CD25, CD69, MHC II and CD95, expressed on T lymphocytes (CD3+CD69+, CD3+CD25+, CD3+CD95+, CD3+MHC+) were determined. To observe the development of immunity, the intensity of expression of T lymphocyte activation markers was calculated using the stimulation quotient. BrAg was used for specific in vitro stimulation of T lymphocytes. The liquid brucellosis allergen (brucellin) was used as an antigen for comparison, when studying opportunity of BrAg usage for assessing the postvaccinal immunity development.The following results were obtained: BrAg has pronounced specific activity, it did not cause non-specific in vitro reactions (activation) of T lymphocytes, thus enabling its application as a test antigen when evaluating development of adaptive vaccine immunity against brucella.Experimental testing of brucellosis antigen for carrying out the in vitro antigen-stimulated cellular reactions, aiming for evaluation of post-vaccinal immunity development against brucellosis, showed that the usage of BrAg promotes increase in diagnostic sensitivity of cellular reactions under in vitro experimental conditions. The applied experimental antigen is a quite promising tool for development of laboratory algorithms for brucellosis diagnostics, and assessment of actual vaccination efficiency in cohorts previously vaccinated against brucellosis

Современные подходы к использованию глюкокортикоидных и цитотоксических препаратов при болезни Шегрена

Tsel' issledovaniya. Otsenit' effektivnost' dlitel'noy terapii bolezni Shegrena (BSh) malymi dozami glyukokortikoidnykh (GK) i alkiliruyushchikh tsitotoksicheskikh (ATs) preparatov Materialy i metody. V issledovanie vklyucheno 412 patsientov (406 zhenshchin i 6 muzhchin) s BSh, nablyudavshikhsya v Institute revmatologii v 1975 - 2007 gg. Mediana nablyudeniya - 9 (5-15) let. Sredniy vozrast bol'nykh na nachalo nablyudeniya - 44,8 goda. Mediana dlitel'nosti BSh do pervogo postupleniya - 9 let, mediana vozrasta debyuta BSh - 33 goda. Effektivnost' dlitel'noy terapii malymi dozami GKu 151 bol'nogo (mediana - 10 let), malymi dozami ATsu 147 bol'nykh (mediana - 5 let) otsenena v sravnenii s rezul'tatami lecheniya 94 bol'nykh, poluchavshikh tol'ko «oftal'mologicheskie» i «stomatologicheskie» metody terapii. Rezul'taty issledovaniya. Pokazano, chto terapiya malymi dozami GK i ATs polozhitel'no vliyala na nekotorye zhelezistye i vnezhelezistye proyavleniya zabolevaniya, odnako k snizheniyu veroyatnosti razvitiya limfoproliferativnykh zabolevaniy (r=0,036) i povysheniyu vyzhivaemosti bol'nykh s BSh privodila tol'ko terapiya ATs (r=0,037). Razrabotany i predstavleny metodiki lokal'nogo ispol'zovaniya GK pri tyazhelykh oftal'mologicheskikh i stomatologicheskikh proyavleniyakh BSh. U 150 bol'nykh s BSh s tyazhelymi sistemnymi proyavleniyami predstavleny pokazaniya i protivopokazaniya dlya provedeniya pul's-terapii (PT), kombinirovannoy PT, plazmafereza, krioafereza i dvoynoy fil'tratsii plazmy v sochetanii s kombinirovannoy PT. Pokazano, chto naznachenie malykh doz GK i PT u zhenshchin s BSh s sokhranennym menstrual'nym tsiklom privodit k bolee rannemu nastupleniyu menopauzy i sposobstvuet razvitiyu glyukokortikoidnogo i postmenopauzal'nogo osteoporoza v otdalennye sroki. Otseneny naibolee znachimye pobochnye proyavleniya terapii GK i ATs pri razlichnykh variantakh terapii BSh.Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность длительной терапии болезни Шегрена (БШ) малыми дозами глюкокортикоидных (ГК) и алкилирующих цитотоксических (АЦ) препаратов Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 412 пациентов (406 женщин и 6 мужчин) с БШ, наблюдавшихся в Институте ревматологии в 1975 - 2007 гг. Медиана наблюдения - 9 (5-15) лет. Средний возраст больных на начало наблюдения - 44,8 года. Медиана длительности БШ до первого поступления - 9 лет, медиана возраста дебюта БШ - 33 года. Эффективность длительной терапии малыми дозами ГКу 151 больного (медиана - 10 лет), малыми дозами АЦу 147 больных (медиана - 5 лет) оценена в сравнении с результатами лечения 94 больных, получавших только «офтальмологические» и «стоматологические» методы терапии. Результаты исследования. Показано, что терапия малыми дозами ГК и АЦ положительно влияла на некоторые железистые и внежелезистые проявления заболевания, однако к снижению вероятности развития лимфопролиферативных заболеваний (р=0,036) и повышению выживаемости больных с БШ приводила только терапия АЦ (р=0,037). Разработаны и представлены методики локального использования ГК при тяжелых офтальмологических и стоматологических проявлениях БШ. У 150 больных с БШ с тяжелыми системными проявлениями представлены показания и противопоказания для проведения пульс-терапии (ПТ), комбинированной ПТ, плазмафереза, криоафереза и двойной фильтрации плазмы в сочетании с комбинированной ПТ. Показано, что назначение малых доз ГК и ПТ у женщин с БШ с сохраненным менструальным циклом приводит к более раннему наступлению менопаузы и способствует развитию глюкокортикоидного и постменопаузального остеопороза в отдаленные сроки. Оценены наиболее значимые побочные проявления терапии ГК и АЦ при различных вариантах терапии БШ