A review of the Nearctic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the subfamily Euophryinae north of Mexico

The generic and specific composition ofthe Nearctic jumping spiders ofthe subfamily Euophryinae north of Mexico is reviewed, and the biogeographic affinities of the constituent groups are diagnosed. The five North American species of HabrocestUln are removed from that non-euophryine genus; four are placed in the New Genus Naphrys, type species Habrocestum acerbum Peckham & Peckham 1909, creating the following New Combinations: Naphrys acerba (Peckham & Peckham), Naphrys bufoides (Chamberlin & Ivie 1944), Naphrys pulex (Hentz 1846), and Naphrys xerophila (Richman 1981). The fifth species is not an euophryine, and becomes Chinattus parvulus (Banks 1895), New Combination. Four species placed in the genus Tylogonus, another non-euophryine genus, are removed to the New Genus Mexigonus, type species Sidusa minuta F.O.P.-Cambridge 1901, creating the following New Combinations: Mexigonus arizonensis (Banks 1904), Mexigonus dentichelis (F.O.P.-Cambridge 1901),Mexigonus minutus (F.O.P.-Cambridge), and Mexigonus morosus (Peckham & Peckham 1888). One of the two species of Nearctic Euophrys has been misplaced, and becomes Chalcoscirtus diminutus (Banks 1896), New Combination. New state records are reported for Chalcoscirtus diminutus [Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico], Mexigonus minutus [California], Naphrys acerba [New Mexico], and Pseudeuophrys erratica (Walckenaer 1826) [New York]. Of the eight known euophryine genera with Nearctic representatives, Anasaitis (one species) and Cory thalia (two species) are considered Neotropical in origin, whereas Chalcoscirtus (three species), Ezwphrys (one species), and Talavera (one species) are considered Holarctic. The Palaearctic Pseudeuophrys erratica is introduced. The affinities of the apparently endemic Nearctic Naphrys (four species) and Mexigonus (four species) are uncertain at this time. Although not an euophryine, the presence of a species of Chinattus in eastern North America is biogeographically interesting, as the other species in the genus are Asian; it joins a diversity of taxa with this distribution

Spiders of Iran – Systematics, diversity and distribution

Spiders (Araneae) are the largest order of Arachnida and the sixth most speciose order of Animalia, comprising more than 50,000 extant species as well as over 1,400 species known from fossils. Despite this immense diversity that has been estimated to comprise 120,000–200,000 species, our knowledge of their systematics and distribution remains rather incipient. While attempts to evaluate the diversity and distribution patterns of spiders have been made for the Neotropical and a few other faunas, most other regions remain historically neglected. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the systematics, diversity and distribution of spiders of Iran, a highly interesting region from a zoological and biogeographical point of view that unfortunately has been poorly investigated regarding its invertebrate fauna. For this purpose, I examined more than 9,000 specimens that were either collected during expeditions to numerous regions and ecosystems across the country or deposited in several natural history collections from around the world. As a result of these efforts, which were initiated in 2013 and mostly carried out in collaboration with researchers from various countries, a total of 11 genera and 147 species of Iranian spiders were described as new to science, and 419 taxa (i.e., 13 families, 87 genera and 319 species) were recorded in Iran for the first time. The total number of newly described and recorded species (i.e., 466 species) constitutes almost half (i.e., 49.83%) of the currently known Iranian species diversity of this group (i.e., 935 species). Amongst 147 species described, 137 are known only from Iran, representing 63.72% of all species currently considered endemic to this country (i.e., 215 species). These results were published in a total of 87 publications, 38 of which were published after the beginning of my doctoral studies at UTU in 2019. This dissertation, however, is primarily based on only nine taxonomic articles (i.e., I–IX), all published after 2019 and highlighting some of the more important findings. Because of the newly obtained taxonomic information and an extensive database of all published records, it was possible to conduct a comprehensive review of spatial variation in the diversity patterns of spiders in Iran. This was the main objective of publication X, which also included an evaluation of the effect of sampling bias on the current understanding of the distribution of Iranian spiders. The analyses showed that the diversity of Iranian spiders remains inadequately studied and is heavily affected by the Linnean shortfall (i.e., gaps in taxonomic knowledge), despite a remarkable improvement in taxonomic research on this fauna since the beginning of the 21st century. There are 935 spider species in the 1,648,195 km2 of Iran. Comparing the number of species per area of 171 countries and other political regions indicated that Iran was in position 132, whereas many considerably smaller and less ecologically diverse countries were in lower positions. It was also found that this fauna clearly suffers from a severe Wallacean shortfall (i.e., lack of knowledge of species distributions), as approximately 85% of Iran lacks a single record of spiders. There is a highly uneven distribution of records throughout the country and its provinces and ecoregions, with most of the records situated near large cities. A high correlation was found between the number of records of spiders and the number of records of plants and other animals in Iran, indicating that the noted shortfalls are indeed corroborated by other taxa. Finally, it is suggested that to gain a more complete picture of the diversity of Iranian spiders, future collecting efforts should be primarily in the form of extensive systematic surveys instead of opportunistic sampling, and ideally targeting lesser sampled areas and ecoregions. Once a satisfactory amount of information regarding the taxonomy and distribution of species becomes available, it will be possible to properly assess the conservation status and risk factors that affect these species and to identify areas of higher conservation and management priority.--- Hämähäkit (Araneae) ovat lajimäärältään hämähäkkieläinten suurin lahko, ja kuudenneksi suurin eläinlahko. Lahkoon kuuluu yli 50 000 nykyisin elävää lajia ja yli 1400 lajia jotka tunnetaan fossiileista. Tästä valtavasta, arviolta 120 000 – 200 000 lajin monimuotoisuudesta huolimatta, on tietämys hämähäkkien systematiikasta ja levinneisyyksistä alkutekijöissään. Neotropiikin ja joidenkin muiden alueiden hämäkkien monimuotoisuutta ja lajien levinneisyyksiä on yritetty selvittää, mutta useimmat muut alueet ovat jääneet huomiotta. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia Iranin hämäkkien systematiikkaa, monimuotoisuutta ja lajien levinneisyyksiä. Iran on eläintieteellisesti ja eliömaantieteellisesti kiinnostava alue, jonka selkärangattomien lajisto on jäänyt valitettavan vähälle huomiolle. Tarkastelin yli 9000 näytettä jotka oli joko kerätty tutkimusretkillä Iranissa lukuisilla alueilla ja lukuisissa ekosysteemeissä, tai jotka kuuluivat useisiin eri puolilla maailmaa sijaitseviin luonnontieteellisiin kokoelmiin. Tämä tarkastelu, joka alkoi 2013 ja toteutettiin useimmiten yhteistyössä muiden maiden tutkijoiden kanssa, johti 11 iranilaisen suvun ja 147 lajin kuvaamiseen tieteelle uusina. 419 taksonia (eli 13 heimoa, 87 sukua ja 319 lajia) havaittiin Iranissa ensimmäistä kertaa. Uudet lajit (yhteensä 466 lajia) muodostavat lähes puolet (49.83%) Iranin tunnetusta lajistosta (935 lajia). Tulokset julkaistiin 87 julkaisussa, joista 38 julkaistiin aloitettuani jatko-opintoni Turun yliopistolla 2019. Väitöskirjani perustuu kuitenkin pääosin vain yhdeksään taksonomiseen julkaisuun (I–IX), jotka kaikki julkaistiin vuoden 2019 jälkeen, ja jotka tuovat esille osan tärkeimmistä havainnoista. Uudet tiedot hämähäkkien taksonomiasta sekä kaikkien julkaistujen havaintojen sijoittaminen tietokantaan mahdollistivat kattavan katsauksen hämähäkkien monimuotoisuuden maantieteellisestä jakautumasta Iranissa. Tämä oli julkaisun X pääsisältö. Julkaisussa arvioitiin myös otantaharhan vaikutusta nykytietämykseen Iranin hämähäkkilajien levinneisyyksistä. Iranin hämähäkkien monimuotoisuus osoittautui puutteellisesti tutkituksi ja lajisto huonosti tunnetuksi, vaikka hämähäkkeihin kohdistuva taksonominen tutkimus on merkittävästi laajentunut sitten 2000-luvun alun. Iranissa on 935 hämähäkkilajia 1,648,195 km2 pinta-alalla. Lajimäärän vertailu pinta-alaa kohti 171 valtiossa tai muulla hallinnollisella alueella sijoitti Iranin sijalle 132, huonompaan sijoitukseen kuin monet pienemmät ja muutoin lajistoltaan vähemmän monimuotoiset maat. Tietämys Iranin hämähäkkilajien levinneisyyksistä osoittautui myös äärimmäisen puutteelliseksi, sillä hämähäkkihavaintoja ei ole yhtäkään noin 85%:ssa Irania. Havainnot jakautuvat erittäin epätasaisesti koko maassa sekä sen provinseissa ja ekoalueilla, sijoittuen pääosin lähelle suuria kaupunkeja. Hämähäkkihavaintojen määrä korreloi vahvasti kasvihavaintojen ja muiden eläinten havaintojen kanssa, viitaten siihen että hämähäkkitietämyksen puutteet vastaavat muiden eliöryhmien tietämyksen puutteita. Lopuksi esitetään, että paremman kuvan saaminen Iranin hämähäkkilajistosta vaatii tulevilta keruutapahtumilta laajaa, systemaattista otostusta sattumanvaraisen ja pienimuotoisen otostuksen sijaan. Ideaalisesti otostus kohdistuisi vähemmän tutkittuihin alueisiin ja ekoalueisiin. Riittävän taksonomisen tiedon ja levinneisyystiedon saaminen tulee sallimaan sekä lajiston suojelutason että lajeihin kohdistuvien riskien arvioimisen, jolloin voidaan tunnistaa luonnonsuojelullisesti tärkeimmät alueet

A synopsis of the jumping spider fauna in the Russian Far East (Araneae, Salticidae)

A revised check-list of the jumping spiders in the Russian Far East is given. Altogether, 82 valid species are listed on the basis of literature and examination of new materials. Besides, 15 species previously reported from the area are considered to be wrong or doubtful records. All literature records from the Russian Far East with original nomenclature are included, and the collection localities are shown on maps

Spiders (Araneae) from the Lena and Yana Rivers, Yakutia (Sakha Republic)

Seventy-seven species of spiders are reported from the Lena andYanaRiver basins, and zoogeographical notes are given for 23 of these. Four species, Clubiona stagnatilis Kulczynski, 1897, Zelotes fratris Chamberlin, 1920, Pardosa jeniseica Eskov & Marusik, 1995 and Wiehlenarius boreus Eskov, 1990, are reported for the first time from Yakutia. The northernmost known localitieswere found for Zelotes fratris, Pardosa lyrata (Odenwall, 1901), Evarcha proszynskii Marusik &Logunov, 1998 and Pellenes limbatus Kulczynski, 1895, and the northernmost records in Asia for Clubiona stagnatilis and Theridion impressum L. Koch, 1881

A new species of Chalcoscirtus (Araneae: Salticidae) from Altai, South Siberia, Russia

A new species, Chalcoscirtus sinevi sp. n., from the Altai Mountains (South Siberia) is described on the basis of both sexes. The new species is closely related to C. grishkanae Marusik, 1988 from North-Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalia, which is also illustrated. Molecular evidences supporting a separate species status of the new species are provided

Spiders (Araneae) from the Panský diel (Starohorské vrchy Mts, Slovakia)

Spiders were collected at the massif 'Panský diel' near the city of Banská Bystrica (Central Slovakia). We recorded 252 spider species for the territory and one new species for Slovakia. Although the summit reaches an altitude of 1.100 m a.s.l., more or less thermophilous species apparently prevail here, especially at lower moderate sites. On the other hand, only several typical oreophilous species were documented. Many recorded species are scarce or even very rare. This indicates the very high value of this territory from both a genetic and an environmental perspective

Heliophanus lineiventris SIMON, 1868, new to Germany (Araneae, Salticidae)

Bei umfangreichen faunistischen Erhebungen im Rahmen des Naturschutzgroßprojekts Kyffhäuser (SCHERFOSE et al. 1998, PUSCH et al. 1998) wurden von Mai bis September 1998 sowie im Mai 1999 mittels Kescher und Klopffängen auch Webspinnen erfaßt. Eine Gesamtdarstellung der Ergebnisse steht noch aus. Sie wird nach Abschluß des Projekts gemeinsam mit den Befunden der Bodenfallenuntersuchungen erfolgen. Vorab sei hier nur der Nachweis von H.lineiventris mitgeteilt, einer Springspinnenart, die bisher aus Deutschland nicht bekannt war

Pseudeuophrys browningi (MILLIDGE & LOCKET, 1955) (Araneae: Salticidae) new to Germany and Enoplognatha caricis (FICKERT, 1876) (Araneae: Theridiidae) new to Brandenburg (Germany)

In den Jahren 1994, 1996 und 1997 wurden in Brandenburg zwei Spinnenarten gefunden, von denen sich eine Art als neu für die deutsche und eine neu für die brandenburgische Fauna erwies. Eine Nachbeschreibung der beiden Arten erfolgt an dieser Stelle nicht, da sich hervorragende Beschreibungen sowie Abbildungen der Genitalorgane bereits in den gängigen Bestimmungswerken (HEIMER & NENTWIG 1991, LOCKET et al. 1974 und ROBERTS 1995) befinden

FAPT: a Mathematica package for calculations in QCD Fractional Analytic Perturbation Theory

We provide here all the procedures in \texttt{Mathematica} which are needed for the computation of the analytic images of the strong coupling constant powers in Minkowski (${\bar{\mathfrak A}_{\nu}(s;n_f)}$ and ${\mathfrak A_{\nu}^\text{glob}(s)}$) and Euclidean (${\bar{\mathcal A}_{\nu}(Q^2;n_f)}$ and ${\mathcal A_{\nu}^\text{glob}(Q^2)}$) domains at arbitrary energy scales (${s}$ and ${Q^2}$, correspondingly) for both schemes --- with fixed number of active flavours ${n_f=3, 4, 5, 6}$ and the global one with taking into account all heavy-quark thresholds. These singularity-free couplings are inevitable elements of Analytic Perturbation Theory (APT) in QCD and its generalization --- Fractional APT, needed to apply the APT imperative for renormalization-group improved hadronic observables.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures. Citations added. Now it matches version approved for publication in Comp. Phys. Commu

Volume 2, Chapter 7-3 Arthropods: Arachinda - Spider Habitats

https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryo-ecol-subchapters/1092/thumbnail.jp