The rehabilitation of pipe network from sprinkler irrigation plots

The paper presents an analysis of the rehabilitation directions for the pipe network from irrigation plots used for aspersion watering. The rehabilitation and modernisation of the pipeline network is differentiated on the structural components: main pipelines - secondary - distribution, hydrants, hydraulic installations, anchorage blocks, undercrossing, overcrossing etc. The case study was drawn up for an sprinkler irrigation plot network, Doniceasa-Falciu Plot 7, Vaslui County. Tertiary irrigation pipes are fed by single-line pumping stations located in the canal. The discharge pipe of the pumping unit is made of 200 mm diameter steel. The tertiary irrigation pipe with a length of 1020- 1400 m is made of asbestos and PVC-G with decreasing diameter from 200 mm to 125 mm for Q = 70-95 l/s and P = 6,50 - 7,50 bar. The pipeline has irrigation hydrants with diameters of 100 mm and 150 mm. The rehabilitation process of the pipeline network is based on a hydraulic and resistance calculation abstracts. The paper presents rehabilitation options for the pipes from the sprinkler irrigation plot

Researches on the modernization of the conduct network from old pressure irrigation systems

The paper presents a series of concepts regarding the rehabilitation and modernization of the pipeline network in irrigation systems with sprinkling. Old spray irrigation systems in operation for about 30-40 years show wear and aging phenomena of structural components (pipes, pits, hydrants). Research on about eight sprinkler irrigation plot with pipeline networks in various exploitation concepts highlighted the complexity of the rehabilitation and upgrading process. Rehabilitation of the pipeline network is based on the type of irrigation equipment with which the irrigation plot is fitted. In the case of plots equipped with monofilament pumping stations the tertiary distribution pipeline is rehabilitated at the level of the current technique and automation equipment is introduced. The rehabilitation process must be carried out in successive stages and using modern materials and technologies of endowment and execution. Case studies developed for sprinkler irrigation plots located in Moldova are customized on the modernization directions adopted by the beneficiary: pivot spraying equipment, longitudinal displacement equipment, fixed watering equipment, etc

Complementary and alternative medicine use in families of children with cerebral palsy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66295/1/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00414.x.pd

Aspects of sprinkling irrigation on slopes

Irrigation-induced erosion is one of the most serious sustainability issues in agriculture, impacting not only the future strategic and commercial viability of irrigation agriculture, but also the survival and comfort of earth's human population. Preventing irrigation-induced erosion to maintain high crop yields and the quality advantages of irrigated agriculture is also a key to the preservation of natural ecosystems. The paper presents some results of experimental research having the aim to determine the intensity and admissible duration of water application, and the maximum no erosive irrigation depth. The research was carried out within the experimental field and laboratory study. The values of irrigation depth and the maximum admissible intensity, leading to a decline in soil erosion from sprinkler irrigation was determine

Superparamagnetic Hybrid Nanospheres Based on Chitosan Obtained by Double Crosslinking in a Reverse Emulsion for Cancer Treatment

Nowadays, the Magnetically Targeted Drug Delivery System (MTDDS) is among the most attractive and promising strategies for delivering drugs to the target site. The present study aimed to obtain a biopolymer–magnetite–drug nanosystem via a double crosslinking (ionic and covalent) technique in reverse emulsion, which ensures the mechanical stability of the polymer support in the form of original hybrid nanospheres (NSMs) loaded with biologically active principles (the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)) as a potential treatment for cancer. Obtained NSMs were characterized in terms of structure (FT-IR), size (DLS), morphology (SEM), swelling, and 5-FU entrapment/release properties, which were dependent on the synthesis parameters (polymer concentration, dispersion speed, and amount of ionic crosslinking agent). SEM analysis results revealed that NSMs presented a spherical shape and are homogeneous and separated. Moreover, NSMs’ ability to load/release 5-FU was tested in vitro, the results confirming, as expected, their dependence on the varied synthesis process and NSM swelling ability in physiological liquids. The drug transport mechanism through the polymer matrix of its release is the Fickian type. The morphological, bio-material characteristics and the ability to include and release an antitumor drug highlight the utility of the NSMs obtained for targeting and treating some tumor diseases

Chitosan Grafted Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Acrylate Particulate Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications

Chitosan (CS) crosslinking has been thoroughly investigated, but the chemical reactions leading to submicronic hydrogel formulations pose problems due to various physical/chemical interactions that limit chitosan processability. The current study employs the chemical modification of chitosan by Michael addition of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) to the amine groups to further prepare chitosan particulate hydrogels (CPH). Thus, modified CS is subjected to a double crosslinking, ionic and covalent, in water/oil emulsion. The studied process parameters are polymer concentration, stirring speed, and quantity of ionic crosslinker. The CPH were structurally and morphologically characterized through infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, light scattering granulometry, and zeta potential, showing that modified CS allows better control of dimensional properties and morphology as compared with neat CS. Swelling properties were studied in acidic and neutral pH conditions, showing that pH-dependent behavior was maintained after grafting and double crosslinking. The applicability of the prepared materials was further tested for drug loading and in vitro delivery of levofloxacin (LEV), showing excellent capacity. CPH were found to be cyto- and hemocompatible demonstrating their potential for effective use as a controlled release system for different biomedical applications

Manifest/Non-Manifest Drug Release Patterns from Polysaccharide Based Hydrogels—Case Study on Cyclodextrin—κ Carrageenan Crosslinked Hydrogels

The aim of this study is to offer a comprehensive view on drug release from hydrogel, from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view. Aiming to benefit cyclodextrins’ properties (not irritant; stable; able to modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of active compounds; accessible at low prices) and those of carrageenan polysaccharide (antitumor, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic, anticoagulant, biocompatibility, biodegradability), original hydrogel films based on beta cyclodextrin and kappa carrageenan using epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent were prepared and characterized from morphological and physical/chemical points of view. The results (morphology, the swelling degree, and the loading/release capacity) proved their potential as carriers for different types of drugs. Further, a new theoretical model, from a multifractal paradigm of motion, was proposed for the drug release from hydrogel films, starting from the fundaments of its evolution at a microscopic level, and aiming to obtain information on system evolution, at both the spatial and temporal scales, inapproachable by quantitative measurements