Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia

The Russian Federation is the largest and one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, however no centralized reference database of genetic variation exists to date. Such data are crucial for medical genetics and essential for studying population history. The Genome Russia Project aims at filling this gap by performing whole genome sequencing and analysis of peoples of the Russian Federation. Here we report the characterization of genome-wide variation of 264 healthy adults, including 60 newly sequenced samples. People of Russia carry known and novel genetic variants of adaptive, clinical and functional consequence that in many cases show allele frequency divergence from neighboring populations. Population genetics analyses revealed six phylogeographic partitions among indigenous ethnicities corresponding to their geographic locales. This study presents a characterization of population-specific genomic variation in Russia with results important for medical genetics and for understanding the dynamic population history of the world's largest country

Project for the development of the Eurasian transport framework in the countries of Central Asia

The paper puts the importance of an international transport corridor for the Republic of Kazakhstan. Two directions of railway communication within the latitudinal Central Eurasian Corridor have been identified. A technique has been developed for applying simulation modeling to identify the bottlenecks on the way of railway flows. Bottlenecks include the intersections of vehicular and pedestrian traffic with rail traffic. In such places, conflicting flows are formed, which may be accompanied by a merger of individual flows. Using the methods of structural analysis, synthesis, system analysis and step-by-step inclusion (or exclusion), the input parameters of simulation models of objects and processes have been established for the case study of Aktobe city in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A graphical model of the behavior of groups of objects for conflicting flows in bottlenecks has been developed, being the basis for the simulation model

Tuning Parameters of the Expected Reciprocal Rank

There are several popular IR metrics based on an underlying user model. Most of them are parameterized. Usually parameters of these metrics are chosen on the basis of general considerations and not validated by experiments with real users. Particularly, the parameters of the Expected Reciprocal Rank measure are the normalized parameters of the DCG metric, and the latter are chosen in an ad-hoc manner. We suggest two approaches for adjusting parameters of the ERR model by analyzing real users behaviour: one based on a controlled experiment and another relying on search log analysis. We show that our approaches generate parameters that are largely different from the commonly used parameters of the ERR model

Structure and Properties Evolution of AZhK Superalloy Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Combined with Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment

The structure and properties of samples obtained by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method from the AZhK alloy, intended for the manufacture of heavily loaded body parts with operating temperatures up to 800 °C, have been studied. The optimal mode of LPBF, ensuring the attainment of the minimal residual porosity of 0.02%, was identified for the superalloy AZhK. Additionally, the evolution of the microstructure of LPBF samples after hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment (HT) was studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The macrostructure of LPBF samples is represented by columnar grains oriented in the direction of predominant heat dissipation, perpendicular to the build plate. At the microlevel, the structure consists of colonies of columnar dendrites. Nb4AlC3 and Nb6C4 carbides, as well as the Mo2Hf Laves phase, are precipitated in the interdendritic region as a result of doping element segregation. The low strength of the LPBF samples (σ = 967 ± 10 MPa) is caused by the fact that there are no reinforcing particles and by high internal stress due to high crystallization speed. HIP and HT were found to have a favorable effect on the structure and properties of the LPBF samples. The post-treatment resulted in uniform distribution of γ′-phase precipitates sized up to 250 nm in the matrix bulk and carbides at grain boundaries, as well as Laves phase dissolution. Therefore, the strength characteristics were significantly improved: by 45% at room temperature and by 50% at elevated temperatures. High strength and ductility were attained (at 20 °C, σ20 = 1396 ± 22 MPa and δ = 19.0 ± 3.0 %; at 650 °C, σ650 = 1240 ± 25 MPa and δ = 15.8 ± 1.5%; at 750 °C, σ750 = 1085 ± 23 MPa and δ = 9.1 ± 2.3%). An ejector-type part was fabricated, and its geometric parameters coincided with those in the electronic models. After conducting computed tomography, it was found that there are no defects in the form of non-fusion and microcracks within the volume of the part; however, it was observed that the pore size is ≥20 μm

ATF2 Proposal

This document is the first of two volumes describing the ATF2 project. The present volume discusses the technical justification for ATF2 and presents a design description. Since the International Committee for Future Accelerator (ICFA) decision on the choice of technology, a world-wide collaboration on the design of the International Linear Collider (ILC) has rapidly progressed [1]. The formation of the Global Design Effort (GDE) will accelerate the work towards a final design. An important technical challenge is obviously the high gradient acceleration but what is similarly challenging is the collision of extremely small beams of a few nanometer size. The latter challenge has three distinct issues: creating small emittance beams, preserving the emittance during acceleration and transport, and focusing the beams to nanometers. Most studies have been done using computer simulations but many issues still remain that require experimental verification. Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK was built to create small emittance beams, and succeeded in obtaining an emittance that almost satisfies the ILC requirements [2]. In this proposal we present a project, ATF2, which addresses the focusing of the beam into a nanometer spot. The ATF2 project will extend the extraction beamline of the ATF with an ILC-type final focus system to create a tightly focused, stable beam by making use of the small emittance of the ATF. The layout is shown in Figure 1.1. In the longer term, the ATF2 project would also provide invaluable input for the CLIC design of a future multi-TeV collider

Annotated features of domestic cat – Felis catus genome

Background. Domestic cats enjoy an extensive veterinary medical surveillance which has described nearly 250 genetic diseases analogous to human disorders. Feline infectious agents offer powerful natural models of deadly human diseases, which include feline immunodeficiency virus, feline sarcoma virus and feline leukemia virus. A rich veterinary literature of feline disease pathogenesis and the demonstration of a highly conserved ancestral mammal genome organization make the cat genome annotation a highly informative resource that facilitates multifaceted research endeavors./nFindings. Here we report a preliminary annotation of the whole genome sequence of Cinnamon, a domestic cat living in Columbia (MO, USA), bisulfite sequencing of Boris, a male cat from St. Petersburg (Russia), and light 30× sequencing of Sylvester, a European wildcat progenitor of cat domestication. The annotation includes 21,865 protein-coding genes identified by a comparative approach, 217 loci of endogenous retrovirus-like elements, repetitive elements which comprise about 55.7% of the whole genome, 99,494 new SNVs, 8,355 new indels, 743,326 evolutionary constrained elements, and 3,182 microRNA homologues. The methylation sites study shows that 10.5% of cat genome cytosines are methylated. An assisted assembly of a European wildcat, Felis silvestris silvestris, was performed; variants between F. silvestris and F. catus genomes were derived and compared to F. catus./nConclusions. The presented genome annotation extends beyond earlier ones by closing gaps of sequence that were unavoidable with previous low-coverage shotgun genome sequencing. The assembly and its annotation offer an important resource for connecting the rich veterinary and natural history of cats to genome discovery.This work was supported, in part, by Russian Ministry of Science Mega-grant no.11.G34.31.0068; Stephen J. O’Brien, Principal Investigator and ERC Starting Grant (260372) and MICINN (Spain) BFU2011-28549 grants to Tomas Marques-Bonet

Compact Electron Beam Source for Electron Beam Welding Installations with Transformer Transmission of Power Supply Beam Control Electronics and Electron Guns Cathode

Представлен компактный источник электронного пучка для установок электронно- лучевой сварки с расположением электронной пушки, источника высоковольтного ускоряющего напряжения электронной пушки и блока электроники накала катода электронной пушки и управления током электронного пучка в едином корпусе-моноблоке, в котором использована трансформаторная схема передачи электропитания электроники управления пучком и катода электронной пушки. Такая компоновка источника электронного пучка для электронно- лучевой сварки в едином корпусе-моноблоке снижает вес и стоимость за счёт уменьшения количества используемых материалов, объёма, занимаемых производственных площадей и исключает из конструкции источника дорогостоящие высоковольтные соединители и кабели. Это существенно расширяет возможности применения представляемого типа источников электронного пучка в электронно-лучевых технологиях. Цель работы – показать целесообразность применения трансформаторной схемы передачи электропитания электроники управления пучком и катода электронной пушки в компактном источнике-моноблоке электронного пучка. Спроектирована и изготовлена трансформаторная схема передачи электропитания электроники управления пучком и катода. Проведены её испытания и получены следующие результаты: • обеспечивается ток накала катода до 95 А; • получен электронный ток источника до 100 мА с энергией 90 кэВ; • измерена ширина профиля электронного пучка источника на его полувысоте 0.9 мм на расстоянии от среза электронно-оптической колонны электронной пушки 550 ммA compact source of electron beam for electron beam welding installations with the arrangement of an electron gun, a source of high-voltage accelerating voltage of the electron gun and an electronics unit for heating the cathode and controlling the electron beam current in a single monoblock housing is presented, which uses a transformer circuit for transmitting power supply to the beam control electronics and the electron gun cathode. This arrangement of the electron beam source for electron beam welding in a single monoblock housing reduces weight and cost by reducing the amount of materials used volume, occupied production space and eliminates expensive high-voltage connectors and cables from the source design. This significantly expands the possibilities of using the presented type of electron beam sources in electron beam technologies. The purpose of the work is to show the feasibility of using a transformer circuit for transmitting power to the beam control electronics and the electron gun cathode in a compact monoblock electron beam source. A transformer circuit for transmitting power to the beam control electronics and cathode was designed and manufactured. It was tested and the following results were obtained: • a cathode heating current of up to 95 A is provided; • an electronic source current of up to 100 mA with an energy of 90 keV was obtained; • the width of the profile of the electron beam of the source was measured at its half-height of 0.9 mm at a distance from the cut of the electron-optical column of the electron gun 550 m

ATF2 Proposal

A decade of dedicated R&D at KEK, DESY, CERN, SLAC and other laboratories were crucial to the successful development of the concepts for a linear collider and for demonstrating that the technical goals are achievable. We are now entering the global design phase for the ILC, and test facilities, demonstration experiments and fundamental R&D will continue to be very important to helping us develop the best possible ILC design, and one that employs forward looking technology.The ATF2 builds on the considerable investment, success and strong team that were responsible for the ATF. The new features provided by ATF2 will enable us to embark on a program to test the very demanding beam delivery requirements for the ILC. In addition, this project has the feature that it is being planned and executed internationally. Therefore, it represents a useful testing ground for managing and executing a complex international accelerator project