72 research outputs found
A generalized Kac-Ward formula
The Kac-Ward formula allows to compute the Ising partition function on a
planar graph G with straight edges from the determinant of a matrix of size 2N,
where N denotes the number of edges of G. In this paper, we extend this formula
to any finite graph: the partition function can be written as an alternating
sum of the determinants of 2^{2g} matrices of size 2N, where g is the genus of
an orientable surface in which G embeds. We give two proofs of this generalized
formula. The first one is purely combinatorial, while the second relies on the
Fisher-Kasteleyn reduction of the Ising model to the dimer model, and on
geometric techniques. As a consequence of this second proof, we also obtain the
following fact: the Kac-Ward and the Fisher-Kasteleyn methods to solve the
Ising model are one and the same.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures; minor corrections in v2; to appear in J. Stat.
Mech. Theory Ex
Static and Dynamic Chain Structures in the Mean-Field Theory
We give a brief overview of recent work examining the presence of
-clusters in light nuclei within the Skyrme-force Hartree-Fock model.
Of special significance are investigations into -chain structures in
carbon isotopes and O. Their stability and possible role in fusion
reactions are examined in static and time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations.
We find a new type of shape transition in collisions and a centrifugal
stabilization of the chain state in a limited range of angular
momenta. No stabilization is found for the chain.Comment: Fusionn 11 Conference, St. Malo, France, 201
Single-particle dissipation in TDHF studied from a phase-space perspective
We study dissipation and relaxation processes within the time-dependent
Hartree-Fock approach using the Wigner distribution function. On the technical
side we present a geometrically unrestricted framework which allows us to
calculate the full six-dimensional Wigner distribution function. With the
removal of geometrical constraints, we are now able to extend our previous
phase-space analysis of heavy-ion collisions in the reaction plane to
unrestricted mean-field simulations of nuclear matter on a three-dimensional
Cartesian lattice. From the physical point of view we provide a quantitative
analysis on the stopping power in TDHF. This is linked to the effect of
transparency. For the medium-heavy Ca+Ca system we examine the
impact of different parametrizations of the Skyrme force, energy-dependence,
and the significance of extra time-odd terms in the Skyrme functional.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 videos. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1201.526
Equilibration in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach probed with the Wigner distribution function
Calculating the Wigner distribution function in the reaction plane, we are
able to probe the phase-space behavior in time-dependent Hartree-Fock during a
heavy-ion collision. We compare the Wigner distribution function with the
smoothed Husimi distribution function. Observables are defined to give a
quantitative measure for local and global equilibration. We present different
reaction scenarios by analyzing central and non-central and
collisions. It is shown that the initial phase-space
volumes of the fragments barely merge. The mean values of the observables are
conserved in fusion reactions and indicate a "memory effect" in time-dependent
Hartree-Fock. We observe strong dissipation but no evidence for complete
equilibration.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Optically driving the radiative Auger transition
In a radiative Auger process, optical decay is accompanied by simultaneous
excitation of other carriers. The radiative Auger process gives rise to weak
red-shifted satellite peaks in the optical emission spectrum. These satellite
peaks have been observed over a large spectral range: in the X-ray emission of
atoms; close to visible frequencies on donors in semiconductors and quantum
emitters; and at infrared frequencies as shake-up lines in two-dimensional
systems. So far, all the work on the radiative Auger process has focussed on
detecting the spontaneous emission. However, the fact that the radiative Auger
process leads to photon emission suggests that the transition can also be
optically excited. In such an inverted radiative Auger process, excitation
would correspond to simultaneous photon absorption and electronic
de-excitation. Here, we demonstrate optical driving of the radiative Auger
transition on a trion in a semiconductor quantum dot. The radiative Auger and
the fundamental transition together form a -system. On driving both
transitions of this -system simultaneously, we observe a reduction of
the fluorescence signal by up to . Our results demonstrate a type of
optically addressable transition connecting few-body Coulomb interactions to
quantum optics. The results open up the possibility of carrying out THz
spectroscopy on single quantum emitters with all the benefits of optics:
coherent laser sources, efficient and fast single-photon detectors. In analogy
to optical control of an electron spin, the -system between the
radiative Auger and the fundamental transitions allows optical control of the
emitters' orbital degree of freedom.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
The monomer-dimer problem and moment Lyapunov exponents of homogeneous Gaussian random fields
We consider an "elastic" version of the statistical mechanical monomer-dimer
problem on the n-dimensional integer lattice. Our setting includes the
classical "rigid" formulation as a special case and extends it by allowing each
dimer to consist of particles at arbitrarily distant sites of the lattice, with
the energy of interaction between the particles in a dimer depending on their
relative position. We reduce the free energy of the elastic dimer-monomer (EDM)
system per lattice site in the thermodynamic limit to the moment Lyapunov
exponent (MLE) of a homogeneous Gaussian random field (GRF) whose mean value
and covariance function are the Boltzmann factors associated with the monomer
energy and dimer potential. In particular, the classical monomer-dimer problem
becomes related to the MLE of a moving average GRF. We outline an approach to
recursive computation of the partition function for "Manhattan" EDM systems
where the dimer potential is a weighted l1-distance and the auxiliary GRF is a
Markov random field of Pickard type which behaves in space like autoregressive
processes do in time. For one-dimensional Manhattan EDM systems, we compute the
MLE of the resulting Gaussian Markov chain as the largest eigenvalue of a
compact transfer operator on a Hilbert space which is related to the
annihilation and creation operators of the quantum harmonic oscillator and also
recast it as the eigenvalue problem for a pantograph functional-differential
equation.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, submitted on 14 October 2011 to a special issue
of DCDS-
Wafer-scale epitaxial modulation of quantum dot density
Precise control of the properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is vital for creating novel devices for quantum photonics and advanced opto-electronics. Suitable low QD-densities for single QD devices and experiments are challenging to control during epitaxy and are typically found only in limited regions of the wafer. Here, we demonstrate how conventional molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) can be used to modulate the density of optically active QDs in one- and two- dimensional patterns, while still retaining excellent quality. We find that material thickness gradients during layer-by-layer growth result in surface roughness modulations across the whole wafer. Growth on such templates strongly influences the QD nucleation probability. We obtain density modulations between 1 and 10 QDs/µm2 and periods ranging from several millimeters down to at least a few hundred microns. This method is universal and expected to be applicable to a wide variety of different semiconductor material systems. We apply the method to enable growth of ultra-low noise QDs across an entire 3-inch semiconductor wafer
Smart garment for trunk posture monitoring: A preliminary study
© 2008 Wong and Wong; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
The Potential and Challenges of Nanopore Sequencing
A nanopore-based device provides single-molecule detection and analytical capabilities that are achieved by electrophoretically driving molecules in solution through a nano-scale pore. The nanopore provides a highly confined space within which single nucleic acid polymers can be analyzed at high throughput by one of a variety of means, and the perfect processivity that can be enforced
in a narrow pore ensures that the native order of the nucleobases in a polynucleotide is reflected in the sequence of signals that is detected. Kilobase length polymers (single-stranded genomic DNA or RNA) or small molecules (e.g., nucleosides) can be identified and characterized without amplification or labeling, a unique analytical capability that makes inexpensive, rapid DNA sequencing
a possibility. Further research and development to overcome current challenges to nanopore identification of each successive nucleotide in a DNA strand offers the prospect of ‘third generation’ instruments that will sequence a diploid mammalian genome for ~$1,000 in ~24 h.Molecular and Cellular BiologyPhysic
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