A small molecule mitigates hearing loss in a mouse model of Usher syndrome III

Usher syndrome type III (USH3) characterized by progressive deafness, variable balance disorder, and blindness is caused by destabilizing mutations in the gene encoding the clarin-1 protein (CLRN1). Here we report a novel strategy to mitigate hearing loss associated with a common USH3 mutation CLRN1(N48K) that involved a cell-based high-throughput screening of small molecules capable of stabilizing CLRN1(N48K), a secondary screening to eliminate general proteasome inhibitors, and finally an iterative process to optimize structure activity relationships. This resulted in the identification of BF844. To test the efficacy of BF844, a mouse model was developed that mimicked the progressive hearing loss of USH3. BF844 effectively attenuated progressive hearing loss and prevented deafness in this model. Because the human CLRN1(N48K) mutation causes both hearing and vision loss, BF844 could in principle prevent both sensory deficiencies in USH3. Moreover, the strategy described here could help identify drugs for other protein-destabilizing monogenic disorders

Primary cilia in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Primary cilia are generally solitary organelles that emanate from the surface of almost all vertebrate cell types. Until recently, details regarding the function of these structures were lacking; however, extensive evidence now suggests that primary cilia have critical roles in sensing the extracellular environment, and in coordinating developmental and homeostatic signalling pathways. Furthermore, disruption of these functions seems to underlie a diverse spectrum of disorders, known as primary ciliopathies. These disorders are characterized by wide-ranging clinical and genetic heterogeneity, but with substantial overlap among distinct conditions. Indeed, ciliopathies are associated with a large variety of manifestations that often include distinctive neurological findings. Herein, we review neurological features associated with primary ciliopathies, highlight genotype-phenotype correlations, and discuss potential mechanisms underlying these findings