403 research outputs found
Highlights of the 11th International Bordetella Symposium: From basic biology to vaccine development
Pertussis is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. The disease affects individuals of all ages but is particularly severe and sometimes fatal in unvaccinated young infants. Other Bordetella species cause diseases in humans, animals, and birds. Scientific, clinical, public health, vaccine company, and regulatory agency experts on these pathogens and diseases gathered in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 5 to 8 April 2016 for the 11th International Bordetella Symposium to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biology of these organisms, the diseases they cause, and the development of new vaccines and other strategies to prevent these diseases. Highlights of the meeting included pertussis epidemiology in developing nations, genomic analysis of Bordetella biology and evolution, regulation of virulence factor expression, new model systems to study Bordetella biology and disease, effects of different vaccines on immune responses, maternal immunization as a strategy to prevent newborn disease, and novel vaccine development for pertussis. In addition, the group approved the formation of an International Bordetella Society to promote research and information exchange on bordetellae and to organize future meetings. A new Bordetella.org website will also be developed to facilitate these goals.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula
Highlights of the 11th International Bordetella Symposium: From basic biology to vaccine development
Pertussis is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. The disease affects individuals of all ages but is particularly severe and sometimes fatal in unvaccinated young infants. Other Bordetella species cause diseases in humans, animals, and birds. Scientific, clinical, public health, vaccine company, and regulatory agency experts on these pathogens and diseases gathered in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 5 to 8 April 2016 for the 11th International Bordetella Symposium to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biology of these organisms, the diseases they cause, and the development of new vaccines and other strategies to prevent these diseases. Highlights of the meeting included pertussis epidemiology in developing nations, genomic analysis of Bordetella biology and evolution, regulation of virulence factor expression, new model systems to study Bordetella biology and disease, effects of different vaccines on immune responses, maternal immunization as a strategy to prevent newborn disease, and novel vaccine development for pertussis. In addition, the group approved the formation of an International Bordetella Society to promote research and information exchange on bordetellae and to organize future meetings. A new Bordetella.org website will also be developed to facilitate these goals.Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecula
Time-resolved predissociation of the vibrationless level of the B state of CH3I
The predissociation dynamics of the vibrationless level of the first Rydberg
state 6s (B 2E) state of CH3I has been studied by femtosecond-resolved velocity
map imaging of both the CH3 and I photofragments. The kinetic energy
distributions of the two fragments have been recorded as a function of the
pump-probe delay, and as a function of excitation within the umbrella and
stretching vibrational modes of the CH3 fragment. These observations are made
by using (2+1) Resonant Enhanced MultiPhoton Ionization (REMPI) via the 3pz
2A2" state of CH3 to detect specific vibrational levels of CH3. The vibrational
branching fractions of the CH3 are recovered by using the individual
vibrationally state-selected CH3 distributions to fit the kinetic energy
distribution obtained by using nonresonant multiphoton ionization of either the
I or CH3 fragment. The angular distributions and rise times of the two
fragments differ significantly. These observations can be rationalized through
a consideration of the alignment of the CH3 fragment and the effect of this
alignment on its detection efficiency. Two extra dissociation channels are
detected: one associated with Rydberg states near 9.2 eV that were observed
previously in photoelectron studies, and one associated with photodissociation
of the parent cation around 15 eV.Comment: submitted Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2011
Creep Measurements Confirm Steady Flow after Stress Maximum in Extension of Branched Polymer Melts
We provide conclusive evidence of nonmonotonic mechanical behavior in the extension of long-chain branched polymer melts. While nonmonotonic behavior is known to occur for solids, for the case of polymeric melts, this phenomenon is in direct contrast with current theoretical models. We rule out the possibility of the overshoot being an experimental artifact by confirming the existence of steady flow after a maximum in the ratio of stress to strain rate versus strain under both constant stress and constant strain-rate kinematics. This observation indicates the omission of important physics from current models for these industrially important materials, whose processing properties depend on extreme molecular extension
Un nouveau test de la spectroscopie translationnelle: la prédissociation rotationnelle de l'état X1Sigma de HeH+.
peer reviewedWe reported the experiment on the accurate measurement of the kinetic energy released during the predissociation of HeH+ ions into the fragments H+ and He. This experiment was carried out on two machines specially designed for this purpose. The new results differ from those of the original experiment and agree now very well with the theoretical predictions
The epidemiology of infectious gastroenteritis related reactive arthritis in U.S. military personnel: a case-control study
Impact of HIV Infection on the Recurrence of Tuberculosis in South India
Background. There is limited information on the relative proportion of reactivation and reinfection at the time of recurrence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected patients who are successfully treated for tuberculosis infection in India.
Methods. HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with sputum culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with short-course regimens and followed up for 36 months at the Tuberculosis Research Centre, South India. Bacteriologic recurrences were documented, and typing of strains was performed using 3 different genotypic techniques: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by IS6110, spoligotyping, and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit (MIRU)-variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). DNA fingerprints of paired Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (baseline and recurrence) were compared.
Results. Among 44 HIV-infected and 30 HIV-uninfected patients with recurrent tuberculosis during the period July 1999 to October 2005, 25 and 23 paired isolates, respectively, were typed using all 3 methods. Recurrence was due to exogenous reinfection in 88% of HIV-infected and 9% of HIV-uninfected patients (P < .05). Among recurrent isolates, the HIV-infected patients showed more clustering, as well as a higher proportion of drug resistance, including multidrug resistance.
Conclusions. In India, a tuberculosis-endemic country, most recurrences after successful treatment of tuberculosis are due to exogenous reinfection in HIV-infected persons and endogenous reactivation in HIV-uninfected persons. Strategies for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis infection must take these findings into consideration
Contribution of a heparin-binding haemagglutinin interferon-gamma release assay to the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected patients: comparison with the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERONÂź-TB Gold In-tube
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