Photoinduced Aerobic Iodoarene-Catalyzed Spirocyclization of N-Oxy-Amides to N-Fused Spirolactams

Using the spiro-cyclization of amides as a model reaction we have demonstrated that aerobic iodoarene catalysis can be enabled by relying on a pyrylium photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. This unprecedented dual organocatalytic system allows the use of low catalytic loading of both catalysts under very mild operating conditions.<br /

Electrophile promoted cyclization of \textitortho -aryl substituted ynamides: construction of 3-amino-4-halo- or 4 seleno-isocoumarin derivatives

International audienceIsocoumarins are important building blocks in medicinal chemistry. An access to 3-amino-4-halo- or 4-seleno-isocoumarins in a short time (\textless1 min) with good yields was reported via an electrophilic cyclization of ortho -ynamidyl benzoate esters. , Isocoumarins are important building blocks in medicinal chemistry. They are widespread in the core structure of biologically active compounds. Here we report the development of an efficient and highly reactive electrophilic cyclization of ortho -ynamidyl benzoate esters providing access to 3-amino-4-halo- or 4-seleno-isocoumarins in a short time (\textless1 min) with good yields

Best imaging signs identified by radiomics could outperform the model: application to differentiating lung carcinoid tumors from atypical hamartomas

Abstract Objectives Lung carcinoids and atypical hamartomas may be difficult to differentiate but require different treatment. The aim was to differentiate these tumors using contrast-enhanced CT semantic and radiomics criteria. Methods Between November 2009 and June 2020, consecutives patient operated for hamartomas or carcinoids with contrast-enhanced chest-CT were retrospectively reviewed. Semantic criteria were recorded and radiomics features were extracted from 3D segmentations using Pyradiomics. Reproducible and non-redundant radiomics features were used to training a random forest algorithm with cross-validation. A validation-set from another institution was used to evaluate of the radiomics signature, the 3D ‘median’ attenuation feature (3D-median) alone and the mean value from 2D-ROIs. Results Seventy-three patients (median 58 years [43‒70]) were analyzed (16 hamartomas; 57 carcinoids). The radiomics signature predicted hamartomas vs carcinoids on the external dataset (22 hamartomas; 32 carcinoids) with an AUC = 0.76. The 3D-median was the most important in the model. Density thresholds  60 HU to predict carcinoids were chosen for their high specificity > 0.90. On the external dataset, sensitivity and specificity of the 3D-median and 2D-ROIs were, respectively, 0.23, 1.00 and 0.13, 1.00  60 HU. The 3D-median was more reproducible than 2D-ROIs (ICC = 0.97 95% CI [0.95‒0.99]; bias: 3 ± 7 HU limits of agreement (LoA) [− 10‒16] vs. ICC = 0.90 95% CI [0.85‒0.94]; bias: − 0.7 ± 21 HU LoA [− 4‒40], respectively). Conclusions A radiomics signature can distinguish hamartomas from carcinoids with an AUC = 0.76. Median density  60 HU on 3D or 2D-ROIs may be useful in clinical practice to diagnose these tumors with confidence, but 3D is more reproducible. Critical relevance statement Radiomic features help to identify the most discriminating imaging signs using random forest. ‘Median’ attenuation value (Hounsfield units), extracted from 3D-segmentations on contrast-enhanced chest-CTs, could distinguish carcinoids from atypical hamartomas (AUC = 0.85), was reproducible (ICC = 0.97), and generalized to an external dataset. Key points • 3D-‘Median’ was the best feature to differentiate carcinoids from atypical hamartomas (AUC = 0.85). • 3D-‘Median’ feature is reproducible (ICC = 0.97) and was generalized to an external dataset. • Radiomics signature from 3D-segmentations differentiated carcinoids from atypical hamartomas with an AUC = 0.76. • 2D-ROI value reached similar performance to 3D-‘median’ but was less reproducible (ICC = 0.90). Graphical Abstrac

Genre & Éducation

La place réservée aux filles et aux femmes dans la société a partie liée, comme de nombreux travaux sur le genre l'ont montré, avec l'éducation. Or, jusqu'au début du XXIe siècle, les femmes sont restées très peu visibles dans la majorité des travaux portant sur l'histoire de l'éducation en France. En réunissant ces études qui aident à comprendre comment l'éducation féminine s'est forgée, s'est vue niée ou reconnue, depuis la Renaissance jusqu'à nos jours, ce volume souhaite apporter une contribution originale à la réflexion existante. L'angle pluridisciplinaire retenu ici autorise en effet des comparaisons historiques, géographiques et culturelles. En Europe, mais aussi hors de ses frontières, à travers les modèles éducatifs, les lieux de socialisation et de formation, les places dévolues aux sexes dans l'éducation, dans la création littéraire ou artistique, se révèlent des disparités mais également des lignes de force et des dynamiques communes. Ce panorama s'adresse à un large public ; il est vrai que nous sommes tous et toutes collectivement acteurs et actrices de l'éducation