Influence of estimated training status on anti and pro-oxidant activity, nitrite concentration, and blood pressure in middle-aged and older women

The purpose of this study was to compare the association between anti and pro-oxidant activity, nitrite concentration, and blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and older women with different levels of estimated training status (TS). The sample consisted of 155 females (50-84 years) who were submitted to a physical examination to evaluate estimated TS through the "Functional Fitness Battery Test," BP measurements, and plasma blood samples to evaluate pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity and nitrite concentrations. Participants were separated by age into a middle-aged group (< 65 years) and an older (≥65 years) group and then subdivided in each group according to TS. Blood biochemistry was similar between groups. On the other hand, protein oxidation was lower in participants with higher TS, independent of age. Older females with higher TS presented higher nitrite concentrations, lower lipoperoxidation, and lower values of BP compared with those with lower TS. Lower GPx activity was observed in participants with higher TS compared with middle-aged with lower TS. Thus, our results suggest that good levels of TS may be associated with lower oxidative stress and higher nitrite concentration and may contribute to maintain normal or reduced blood pressure values.Fil: Jacomini, André M.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Dias, Danielle da Silva. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Brito, Janaina de Oliveira. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: da Silva, Roberta F.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Monteiro, Henrique L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Universidade Nove de Julho; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: De Angelis, Kátia. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Amaral, Sandra L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Zago, Anderson S.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP)

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC) exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEP). METHODS. Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species production; hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels; protein oxidation; antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and glutathione reductase [GR]); total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP); reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to evaluate DEP uptake. RESULTS. Diesel exhaust particles were entrapped by membrane protrusions developed by IOBA-NHC. Cells exposed to DEP 50 and 100 lg/mL showed a significant increase in ROS, RNS, H 2 O 2 levels, SOD, GPx, and GST compared with the control group. A significant decay in GR was observed in both groups, meanwhile CAT levels remained unchanged. The group exposed to DEP 100 lg/mL displayed a significant increase in protein oxidation. In both groups, TRAP was significantly reduced as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio. CONCLUSIONS. The decrease in nonenzymatic antioxidants and the compensatory increase of SOD, GPX, and GST activities are consequence of the increase in ROS and RNS production due to DEP exposure and its accumulation inside the cells. The decay in GR activity leads to the decrease in GSH/GSSG recycling. These results suggest that oxidative stress could play an important role in the development of DEP effects on human conjunctival epithelial cells. Keywords: conjunctiva, oxidative stress, antioxidants, environmental pollution, diesel exhaust particles T he evidence on airborne particulate matter (PM) and its public health impact is consistent in showing adverse health effects at exposures that are currently experienced by urban populations in both developed and developing countries. 1 Ambient particles are known as both initiators and enhancers of the clinical manifestations of both allergic and nonallergic diseases in industrialized countries. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are one of main components of urban air pollution as they are the most common combustion-derived particles presented in traffic emissions. 7 The toxic mechanism developed in the respiratory mucosa, including epithelial and immune cells, after DEP exposure has been well-studied. The role of oxidative stress in particulate air pollution effects on ocular surface and, in particular, the involvement in the mechanism of damage after DEP exposure has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC) exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEP). In this work, we evaluate oxidative stress markers in human conjunctival epithelial cells incubated with DEP at different concentrations analyzing the changes in pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, the antioxidant enzymes activity and the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was also performed in order to evaluate if the particles were incorporated by cells and to determine morphologic changes associated with DEP incubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture The normal human conjunctival epithelium cell line (IOBA-NHC) was provided by Yolanda Diebold, PhD (University Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain). Diesel Exhaust Particles Diesel exhaust particles from diesel motor combustion were provided by Paulo H. Saldiva, PhD (Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). Diesel exhaust particles are composed of a carbonaceous core with adsorbed organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace of inorganic compounds. IOBA-NHC Incubation With DEP Cell monolayers of IOBA-NHC (80%-100% confluent) were incubated with DEP 10, 50, and 100 lg/mL (DEP 10, DEP 50 and DEP 100, respectively) or with DMEM-F12 (control group) for 24 hours. Cell monolayers were washed twice with PBS 1X (pH ¼ 7.40). Cells were removed with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA to perform the assays

Bioaccumulation and oxidative stress parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to different thorium concentrations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic thorium (Th) exposure on bioaccumulation, metabolism (through biochemical parameters of the muscle) and oxidative parameters (lipidic peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzymes in the gills and in the hepatic and muscular tissues) of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Silver catfish juveniles were exposed to different waterborne Th levels (in lg L1 ): 0 (control), 25.3 ± 3.2, 80.6 ± 12.0, 242.4 ± 35.6, and 747.2 ± 59.1 for 30 d. The gills and skin were the organs that accumulated the highest Th levels. The increase in the waterborne Th concentration corresponded to a progressive increase in the Th levels in the gills and kidney. Chronic Th exposure causes alterations in the oxidative parameters of silver catfish gills, which are correlated with the Th accumulation in this organ. The levels of GST decreased in the gills of fish exposed to 747.2 lg L1 Th and SOD activity decreased in silver catfish exposed to 242.4 and 747.2 lg L1 Th. In addition, the increase in the LPO in the gills exposed to 242.4 and 747.2 lg L1 Th suggests that higher oxidative damage occurred in the gills. However, in the liver and muscle, these alterations occurred mainly in the lowest waterborne Th level. Metabolic intermediates in the muscle were altered by Th exposure, but no clear relationship was found.Fil: Kochhann, Daiani. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Pavanato, Maria A.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Lizelia M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Konzen Riffel, Ana P.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Loro, Vania L.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Mesko, Márcia F.. Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul ; Brasil. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Flores, Érico M.M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Dressler, Valderi L.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; BrasilFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.; Brasi

Oxidative and biochemical responses in Brycon amazonicus anesthetized and sedated with Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey.) DC. and Curcuma longa L. essential oils

Objective: To investigate the effects of rapid anesthesia and long-term sedation with the essential oils (EOs) of Myrcia sylvatica (EOMS) and Curcuma longa (EOCL) on biochemical and oxidative parameters in matrinxã. Study design: Prospective, randomized, laboratory experiment. Animals: A total of 72 matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) adults weighing 404.8 ± 27.9 g were divided into eight groups of nine fish. Methods: Biochemical and oxidative effects were investigated in plasma and tissues of matrinxã subjected to rapid anesthesia (5 minutes) or long-term sedation (360 minutes, simulating the practice of transport) with EOMS (200 μL L−1 and 10 μL L−1, respectively) and EOCL (500 μL L−1 and 40 μL L−1, respectively). Results: Transport simulation without sedation or anesthesia increased lipid peroxidation levels in the gills and kidney of fish in the control group. Anesthesia and sedation with EOs decreased cortisol concentrations and increased lactate concentrations compared with controls. Lipid peroxidation was lower in the brain, gills, liver and kidney of sedated and anesthetized fish, than in the control group. Anesthesia with EOs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase in the brain, and catalase in the liver and gills, compared with controls. Long-term sedation with EOs increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in the brain, catalase in the liver, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the gills and superoxide dismutase in the kidney. In general, nonprotein thiols content and total reactive antioxidant potential of tissues were higher after anesthesia and sedation with EOs compared with the control group. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The concentrations of EOMS and EOCL used were effective at preventing a stress response and excess of reactive oxygen species formation. For these reasons, these substances may be recommended for use in the transportation of fish to improve survival and animal welfare.Fil: Saccol, Etiane M. H.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Londero, Érika P.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Bressan, Caroline A.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Salbego, Joseânia. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Gressler, Luciane T.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Silva, Lenise V. F.. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Mourão, Rosa H. V.. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Ricardo B.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Baldisserotto, Bernardo. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Pavanato, Maria A.. Universidad Federal de Santa Maria; Brasi