Evidence of increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis among children in the Republic of Srpska in period 2017–2022 with special focus on COVID-19 global pandemic years

Background and objectivesPrimary focus of the research was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the period from 2017 to 2022, and whether COVID-19 had an impact on the increase in the number of newly diagnosed children with diabetes type 1 under the age of 15 in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). In the period 2001–2016 the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was 11/100,000, with an annual increasing rate of 14.2%.MethodsAvailable data from pediatric endocrinology clinics, in the Republic of Srpska, on the number of newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus in the period from January 1, 2017 until December 31, 2022 were used. A retrospective analysis was performed, and the capture-recapture method was used for the final assessment, and the obtained result corresponds to about 99% of the population.ResultsThe total number of children in the group of 0–14 years of age diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in this period was 183, of which 96 (52.46%) were boys, and 87 (47.54%) were girls. The average age at which diabetes mellitus was diagnosed was 8.3 ± 3.9 years. Average incidence of diabetes in the period 2017–2022 was 19/100,000 (95% CI 13.1–25.0). The highest incidence was 28.7/100,000 in 2020, the first year of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Out of a total of 183 newly diagnosed cases in the period 2017–2022, 73 (39.9%) were diagnosed with ketoacidosis upon admission. The largest number of newly diagnosed children was recorded in the group of children aged 10–14 years.ConclusionIn the last 6 years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children under the age of 15. With an incidence of 19.4/100,000 in the Republic of Srpska, we entered the group of countries with high-risk for diabetes. Further steps must focus on the education of the entire society in order to recognize the symptoms of the disease in time and prevent the occurrence of ketoacidosis, which could significantly reduce the burden on health systems, especially in times of global pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic

CHURG STRAUSS SINDROM KOD ŠESNAESTOGODIŠNJE DJEVOJČICE

Churg Strauss-ov sindrom je sistemski vaskulitis koji karakterišu eozinofilija, ekstravaskularnenekrotizirajuće granulacije i eozinofilna infiltracija više organa osobito pluća, probavnog trakta, bubrega, kože i srca.Bolest je vrlo rijetka kod djece

SAY-BARBER-BIESECKER-YOUNG-SIMPSON SINDROM - PRIKAZ SLUČAJA

Sindrom Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson je vrlo rijedak nasljedniporemećaj koji se odlikuje karakterističnim izgledom lica, višestrukim kongenitalnimanomalijama, hipotonijom, problemima hranjenja i globalnim razvojnim zaostajanjem.Uzrokovan je heterozigotnom mutacijom u KAT6B genu i dijeli mnoge fenotipske karakteristikesa genitopatelarnim sindromom, drugim poremećajem povezanim sa ovimgenom. Do sada je u literaturi opisano dvadeset slučajeva ovog sindroma

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as biomarker of inflammation in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis

Introduction. Recent researches have shown that a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can be the marker of chronic inflammation. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the serum hs-CRP concentration can be used as biomarker of inflammation in children with acute asthma attack and allergic rhinitis, as well as whether the monitoring of hs-CRP concentration can be an indicator of therapy success in children suffering from asthma. Methods. The study included 60 patients (30 of them with asthma and 30 with allergic rhinitis), both sexes, aged 7 to 14 years. Apart from being questioned about personal and family history, all patients underwent lung function and serum hs-CRP tests. The concentration of hs-CRP was measured by the latex particle immunoturbidimetric assay. In the group of children with asthma, measuring was performed before and three days after the therapy. Results. Patients with asthma had statistically significant higher levels of allergic sensitization, other associated allergic diseases, higher serum IgE concentrations, and lower levels of lung functions compared with those with allergic rhinitis. The values of hs-CRP (0.43 mg/l) were significantly higher in asthma patients than in those with allergic rhinitis (0.21 mg/l) (p= 0.002). 26.67% of patients with asthma had the hs-CRP values above the reference range, while all patients with allergic rhinitis had hs-CRP in the reference range. After a three-day therapy, the hs-CRP values were still maintained above the reference interval in four patients with asthma (13.33%) Conclusion. The research has showed that hs-CRP can be used as a biomarker of acute allergic inflammation in children with asthma and thus be a therapeutic response indicator

HISTIOCITOZA LANGERHANSOVIH ĆELIJA - OD JEDNOSISTEMSKOG DO MULTISISTEMSKOG OBLIKA

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