310 research outputs found
Contemporary Chinese Parents’ Socialization Priorities for Preschoolers: A Mixed Methods Study
This mixed methods study focused on the socialization goals for preschool-aged children among parents from three small-sized cities located in northeastern China. A total of 154 parents with preschool-aged children completed questionnaires measuring parental socialization goals for children’s social-emotional competence and academic achievement. Quantitative results showed that parents generally placed more importance on children’s social-emotional skills than academic skills. Ten mothers were selected from the sample and participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview to help understand reasons for parents’ prioritization of social-emotional wellbeing over academic performance. Four themes emerged, including parents’ concerns about children’s psychological wellbeing under excessive academic pressure, their desires to “protect” children’s childhood, their awareness of children’s individual differences in intelligence and talent in learning, and their belief that good grades did not guarantee future success in life. Our findings highlight the importance of using mixed methods to deepen understanding of contemporary Chinese parents’ childrearing ideologies
Contemporary Chinese Parents’ Socialization Priorities for Preschoolers: A Mixed Methods Study
This mixed methods study focused on the socialization goals for preschool-aged children among parents from three small-sized cities located in northeastern China. A total of 154 parents with preschool-aged children completed questionnaires measuring parental socialization goals for children’s social-emotional competence and academic achievement. Quantitative results showed that parents generally placed more importance on children’s social-emotional skills than academic skills. Ten mothers were selected from the sample and participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview to help understand reasons for parents’ prioritization of social-emotional wellbeing over academic performance. Four themes emerged, including parents’ concerns about children’s psychological wellbeing under excessive academic pressure, their desires to “protect” children’s childhood, their awareness of children’s individual differences in intelligence and talent in learning, and their belief that good grades did not guarantee future success in life. Our findings highlight the importance of using mixed methods to deepen understanding of contemporary Chinese parents’ childrearing ideologies
Pathways of Influence: Chinese Parents’ Expectations, Parenting Styles, and Child Social Competence.
This study examines relations among parental expectations for children’s development of social-emotional skills, parenting styles, and child social competence. A total of 154 parents with preschool-aged children from mainland China completed questionnaires measuring their timing of expectations for children’s mastery of social-emotional skills, values placed on social-emotional skills, parenting styles, and child social competence. Parenting styles were found to mediate the effects of parental expectations on child social competence. Parents with earlier expectations reported higher levels of authoritative parenting,which in turn related to better parent-reported child social competence. Parents who placed more values on social-emotional skills were more likely to adopt an authoritative parenting style, and subsequently, they reported children having better social competence
A CO observation of the galactic methanol masers
Context: We investigated the molecular gas associated with 6.7 GHz methanol
masers throughout the Galaxy using a J=1-0 transition of the CO isotopologues.
Methods:Using the 13.7-meter telescope at the Purple Mountain Observatory
(PMO), we have obtained ^{12}CO and ^{13}CO (1-0) lines for 160 methanol masers
sources from the first to the third Galactic quadrants. We made efforts to
resolve the distance ambiguity by careful comparison with the radio continuum
and HI 21 cm observations.
Results: First, the maser sources show increased ^{13}CO line widths toward
the Galactic center, suggesting that the molecular gas are more turbulent
toward the Galactic center. This trend can be noticeably traced by the ^{13}CO
line width. Second, the ^{12}CO excitation temperature shows a noticeable
correlation with the H_2 column density. A possible explanation consistent with
the collapse model is that the higher surface-density gas is more efficient to
the stellar heating and/or has a higher formation rate of high-mass stars.
Third, comparing the IRDCs, the maser sources on average have significantly
lower H_2 column densities, moderately higher temperatures, and similar line
widths. Fourth, in the mapped regions, 51 ^{13}CO cores have been revealed.
Only 17 coincide with the radio continuum emission (F_{cm}>6 mJy), while a
larger fraction (30 cores) coincide with the infrared emissions. The IR-bright
and radio-bright sources exhibit significantly higher CO excitation
temperatures than the IR-faint and radio-faint sources, respectively.
Conclusions: The 6.7 GHz masers show a moderately low ionization rate but
have a common-existing stellar heating that generates the IR emissions. The
relevant properties can be characterized by the ^{12}CO and ^{13}CO (1-0)
emissions in several aspects as described above.Comment: 38 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, accepted to Astronomy and
Astrophysic
Examining the Roles of Parent–Child and Teacher–Child Relationships on Behavior Regulation of Children at Risk
The current study examined the effects of parent–child and teacher–child relationships on behavior regulation of children at risk. In particular, the amplifying or attenuating effect of one context (i.e., teacher–child relationships) for another context (i.e., parent–child relationship) on children’s behavior regulation was examined. Participants were 291 children (159 boys) ages 37–70 months (M = 53.88 months, SD = 6.44 months) from three different preschools serving low-income children in two Midwestern cities. Parents and teachers reported on their relationships with children during fall. Behavior regulation was assessed via structured tasks during spring and summer. After controlling for demographic variables, results showed that parent–child closeness and teacher–child conflict were related to children’s behavior regulation. Interaction models showed that when children experienced a combination of low parent–child closeness and high teacher–child conflict, they had lower levels of behavior regulation. Findings highlight the importance of parent–child and teacher–child relationships, both independently and together, for low-income children’s behavior regulation
Sub-quadratic scaling real-space random-phase approximation correlation energy calculations for periodic systems with numerical atomic orbitals
The random phase approximation (RPA) as formulated as an orbital-dependent,
fifth-rung functional within the density functional theory (DFT) framework
offers a promising approach for calculating the ground-state energies and the
derived properties of real materials. Its widespread use to large-size, complex
materials is however impeded by the significantly increased computational cost,
compared to lower-rung functionals. The standard implementation exhibits an
-scaling behavior with respect to system size . In this
work, we develop a low-scaling RPA algorithm for periodic systems, based on the
numerical atomic orbital (NAO) basis-set framework and a localized variant of
the resolution of identity (RI) approximation. The rate-determining step for
RPA calculations -- the evaluation of non-interacting response function matrix,
is reduced from to by just exploiting the
sparsity of the RI expansion coefficients, resultant from localized RI (LRI)
scheme and the strict locality of NAOs. The computational cost of this step can
be further reduced to linear scaling if the decay behavior of the Green's
function in real space can be further taken into account. Benchmark
calculations against existing -space based implementation confirms
the validity and high numerical precision of the present algorithm and
implementation. The new RPA algorithm allows us to readily handle
three-dimensional, closely-packed solid state materials with over 1000 atoms.
The algorithm and numerical techniques developed in this work also have
implications for developing low-scaling algorithms for other correlated methods
to be applicable to large-scale extended materials
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