Tumor Suppressor Pdcd4 Attenuates Sin1 Translation to Inhibit Invasion in Colon Carcinoma

Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), a tumor invasion suppressor, is frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer and other cancers. In this study, we find that loss of Pdcd4 increases the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and thereby upregulates Snail expression. Examining the components of mTORC2 showed that Pdcd4 knockdown increased the protein but not mRNA level of stress-activated-protein kinase interacting protein 1 (Sin1), which resulted from enhanced Sin1 translation. To understand how Pdcd4 regulates Sin1 translation, the SIN1 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) was fused with luciferase reporter and named as 5′Sin1-Luc. Pdcd4 knockdown/knockout significantly increased the translation of 5′Sin1-Luc but not the control luciferase without the SIN1 5′UTR, suggesting that Sin1 5′UTR is necessary for Pdcd4 to inhibit Sin1 translation. Ectopic expression of wild-type Pdcd4 and Pdcd4(157–469), a deletion mutant that binds to translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), sufficiently inhibited Sin1 translation, and thus suppressed mTORC2 kinase activity and invasion in colon tumor cells. By contrast, Pdcd4(157–469)(D253A,D418A), a mutant that does not bind to eIF4A, failed to inhibit Sin1 translation, and consequently failed to repress mTORC2 activity and invasion. In addition, directly inhibiting eIF4A with silvestrol significantly suppressed Sin1 translation and attenuated invasion. These results indicate that Pdcd4-inhibited Sin1 translation is through suppressing eIF4A, and functionally important for suppression of mTORC2 activity and invasion. Moreover, in colorectal cancer tissues, the Sin1 protein but not mRNA was significantly upregulated while Pdcd4 protein was downregulated, suggesting that loss of Pdcd4 might correlate with Sin1 protein level but not mRNA level in colorectal cancer patients. Taken together, our work reveals a novel mechanism by which Pdcd4 inhibits Sin1 translation to attenuatemTORC2 activity and thereby suppresses invasion

System for remote control of vehicle interior for mobile devices with Android system

W pracy przedstawiono projekt i implementację autorskiego systemu do zdalnego nadzorowania wnętrza pojazdu. Zadaniem systemu jest umożliwienie zdalnego podglądu wnętrza pojazdu na żądanie użytkownika, jak też informowanie użytkownika o sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych. Opisano montaż systemu w pojeździe oraz jego instalację i konfigurację jak również aplikację na urządzenie mobilne z systemem Android wraz z wynikami testowania aplikacji. Zaprezentowano także przegląd systemów monitorowania wnętrza pojazdów obejmujący zarówno zaawansowane systemy monitorowania pojazdu używane przez firmy transportowe jak i proste aplikacje na telefony z systemem Android. Opisano ponadto istotne parametry kamer internetowych IP oraz metody transmisji obrazu i dźwięku w sieciach komputerowych i odpowiednie protokoły sieciowe.The work presents the design and implementation of a proprietary system for remote monitoring of the vehicle interior. The task of the system is to enable remote surveillance of the vehicle interior at the user's request, as well as informing the user about emergency situations. The paper describes the system design, its installation in the vehicle, configuration and software used to control the system. Moreover, an overview of vehicle interior monitoring systems is provided, including advanced vehicle monitoring systems used by transport companies as well as simple applications for Android phones. Also methods of image and sound transmission in computer networks and relevant network protocols are considered along with the parameters of IP cameras. Finally the results of the system testing are presented

Welfare Systems, Support Networks and Subjective Well-Being Among Retired Persons

Subjective well-being, Happiness, Support networks, Retirement, Welfare systems, ISSP,