22 research outputs found

    Charlotte Krauss, Tatiana Victoroff, Ă©ds., Figures de l’émigrĂ© russe en France aux xixe et xxe siĂšcles

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    Ce volume rassemble les actes, complĂ©tĂ©s et augmentĂ©s, du colloque du mĂȘme titre qui eut lieu Ă  l’universitĂ© de Strasbourg en automne 2009. Les organisateurs du colloque et les directeurs du prĂ©sent ouvrage se sont proposĂ© d’« oser une approche rĂ©solument neuve » (p. 16) qui va au-delĂ  des divisions chronologiques et disciplinaires conventionnelles, car elle confronte un groupe hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne d’experts en histoire sociale, culturelle et littĂ©raire russe, française et europĂ©enne Ă  la problĂ©matique..

    L'émigration russe et les élites culturelles françaises 1920-1925

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    RĂ©sumĂ©Cet essai traite des rapports professionnels et intellectuels entre l’intelligentsia russe Ă©migrĂ©e et les Ă©lites culturelles françaises dans la premiĂšre moitiĂ© des annĂ©es 1920, sujet jusqu’ici ignorĂ© des Ă©tudes sur l’émigration russe en France. Il s’agit de dĂ©montrer que nous disposons d’ores et dĂ©jĂ  de suffisamment de documents d’archives et d’informations bibliographiques susceptibles de remettre en cause radicalement les idĂ©es reçues sur l’émigration russe, en particulier cette reprĂ©sentation mythique de l’isolement des Ă©migrĂ©s face aux Ă©lites culturelles françaises dans l’entre-deux-guerres. En partant du fait, dĂ©sormais bien documentĂ©, que dĂšs le dĂ©but de l’histoire de l’exil, l’intelligentsia Ă©migrĂ©e chercha Ă  rallier l’édition et la presse françaises, l’auteur dĂ©crit, sans prĂ©tendre en prĂ©senter un tableau exhaustif, quelques voies principales de l’effort organisĂ© de la part de la diaspora russe pour crĂ©er un rĂ©seau de communication intellectuelle et culturelle avec ses hĂŽtes. Il s’agit, notamment, de l’Ɠuvre du ComitĂ© de secours aux Ă©crivains et aux savants russes en France ; de la crĂ©ation d’un lieu d’échanges intellectuels sous l’égide de la SociĂ©tĂ© des amis des lettres russes ; ainsi que de projets d’éditions franco-russes entrepris Ă  plusieurs reprises par les Ă©migrĂ©s dans la pĂ©riode concernĂ©e.AbstractThe early stages of the collaboration between the Russian Ă©migrĂ© intelligentsia and the French cultural elite, 1920-1925This article deals with the professional and intellectual interaction of the Russian Ă©migrĂ© intelligentsia and French cultural elite in the first half of the 1920s, a subject hitherto ignored in Russian exilic studies. It argues that students of Russia Abroad already have at their disposal enough archival and bibliographical data convincingly to discard some commonplace notions about the inter-war Russian Ă©migrĂ© experience, particularly the myth of Ă©migrĂ© isolation vis-Ă -vis the French cultural elite. After the initial survey of data concerning the place of Russian Ă©migrĂ©s in the French press and publishing, the article proceeds to describe and analyze the ways in which the exiled intelligentsia attempted to establish a communication network with its host culture, focusing on the activities of the ‘ComitĂ© de secours aux Ă©crivains et aux savants russes en France’ and the ‘SociĂ©tĂ© des amis des lettres russes’, as well as on the history of the efforts to mount a joint Ă©migrĂ©-French publishing venture

    Le social contre l’esthĂ©tique

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    AbstractThis article analyzes the difficult cooperation between exiled Russian artists and the editors of Ă©migrĂ© political-literary periodicals, Zemgor activists who, for the most part, lacked appropriate esthetic notions. This is illustrated through several outstanding episodes: Vladislav Khodasevich’s clash with Vladimir Zeeler in the Ă©migrĂ© press concerning Boris Poplavskii’s death, or Vladimir Nabokov’s confrontation with the editors of Sovremennye zapiski who refused to publish the fourth chapter of his novel The Gift because of the biography of N. G. Chernyshevskii it contained.(traduit par Christine COLPART)RĂ©sumĂ©L’article analyse la difficile coopĂ©ration des artistes russes exilĂ©s avec les responsables des pĂ©riodiques politico-littĂ©raires de l’émigration, activistes du Zemgor le plus souvent dĂ©pourvus de toute formation esthĂ©tique. Pour confirmer cette confrontation entre social et esthĂ©tique, l’article Ă©voque quelques Ă©pisodes marquants : le duel, par presse Ă©migrĂ©e interposĂ©e, entre Vladislav Hodasevič et Vladimir Zeeler Ă  propos de la mort de Boris Poplavskij, ou encore le conflit entre Vladimir Nabokov et la rĂ©daction des Annales contemporaines qui refusait de publier le quatriĂšme chapitre du roman de Nabokov Le Don, compte tenu de la biographie de N. G. ČernyÒevskij qui y Ă©tait faite

    Nina Berberova et la mythologie culturelle de l’émigration russe en France.

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    RĂ©sumĂ©Dans leurs efforts pour comprendre et dĂ©crire l’expĂ©rience de l’expatriation, les Ă©crivains russes Ă©migrĂ©s produisirent un certain nombre de modĂšles idĂ©aux de leur activitĂ© littĂ©raire en exil. L’effort de conceptualisation de l’exil Ă  travers des modĂšles idĂ©aux impliquait le recours Ă  plusieurs mythes grĂące auxquels pouvait s’opĂ©rer la traduction de l’expĂ©rience personnelle en « texte ». Nous nous proposons d’examiner quelques arguments dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans l’ouvrage autobiographique de Nina Berberova (1901-1993) C’est moi qui souligne afin d’établir leur fonction dans la conceptualisation de l’expĂ©rience d’écrivains exilĂ©s. Il s’agira de l’insistance sur l’isolement par rapport Ă  la vie culturelle française, de l’accent mis sur l’échec artistique de la jeune gĂ©nĂ©ration Ă©migrĂ©e et, enfin, de l’importance accordĂ©e au martyre physique et moral pour cette gĂ©nĂ©ration d’écrivains. Nous voyons la clef de la mythologie culturelle de l’émigration russe dans le dĂ©sir des mĂ©morialistes Ă©migrĂ©s de reconstruire leur vie selon un modĂšle idĂ©al largement influencĂ© par le modĂšle traditionnel de l’écrivain russe comme maĂźtre Ă  penser dont l’abnĂ©gation hĂ©roĂŻque et le refus des compromissions Ă©voquent ceux des prophĂštes incompris et persĂ©cutĂ©s. Le piquant de la situation rĂ©side en ce que l’utilisation du mythologĂšme traditionnel russe du poĂšte-prophĂšte par les Ă©migrĂ©s s’inspirait des exemples français. La mythologie de Berberova et de ses contemporains s’est construite Ă  partir de la coĂŻncidence entre le modĂšle traditionnel de l’écrivain russe et celui de l’écrivain français formĂ© dans l’immĂ©diat aprĂšs-guerre. Mais si, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, les modernistes russes exilĂ©s ne dissimulĂšrent pas leurs liens vitaux avec la vie littĂ©raire française, leurs mĂ©moires passent complĂštement sous silence ces relations entre Français et Russes.AbstractNina Berberova and the cultural mythology of Russian emigration in France.In an attempt to give meaning to exile, Russian Ă©migrĂ© writers relied on a number of ideal models to describe their literary activity in a foreign setting. This process of conceptualization by means of ideal models required the creation of cultural myths that validated the translation of individual experience into “text.” The present article examines several theses developed by Nina Nikolaevna Berberova (1901-1993) in her book of memoirs, The italics are mine, in order to clarify their function in the conceptualization of exilic experience by Russian writers. I analyze the insistence on isolation from French cultural life, the emphasis on the artistic failure of the younger generation of exiles, and the importance of physical and moral suffering in the story of this generation. I propose to seek the key to Ă©migrĂ© cultural mythology in the striving of memoirists to reconstruct their life in exile according to an ideal model heavily influenced by the traditional model of the Russian writer as a spiritual guide whose heroic asceticism and intransigence recall the paradigmatic figure of a misunderstood and persecuted prophet. The originality of the situation derives from the fact that the Ă©migrĂ© use of the traditional Russian mythologeme relies on French examples. The cultural myths of Berberova and her peers draw on the coincidence of the model of the Russian writer with that of the French writer as it emerged after WWI. But if, in the inter-war period, Russian modernists did not conceal their ties to French literary life, their memoirs suppress all mention of this French-Russian cultural commerce

    Chapter Penser la phase perdue du modernisme russe

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    This paper proposes a revision of Russian modernism’s politically-motivated chronology and geography through the integration of two academic subfields – modernist and exilic studies. Such an integrative approach allows us better to position Russian modernist culture vis-à-vis its western counterparts, returning our research subject to its original context in the larger, international modernist field. The paper will subsequently offer a tentative sketch of the aesthetic and philosophical premises of late Russian modernism against the backdrop of western modernist practices in the 1930s

    Histoire de la littérature russe en exil : la « période héroïque » de la jeune poésie russe à Paris

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    Toward the History of Russian Literature in Exile : the “Heroic Period” of Young Russian Poetry in Paris The definitive history of Russian Ă©migrĂ© literature in France is yet to be written. Until present, ail works describing the development of Russian literature on French soil in the interwar period have followed the same methodological convention according to which Russian literature in exile was born in Berlin, while Paris did not become its capital until roughly 1925. It has been argued that, thanks to the fluidity of political demarcations and the popularity of the Soviet avant-garde among younger Russian literati in Paris between 1921 and 1924, one must exclude this chapter of artistic activity in exile from the study of Russian Ă©migrĂ© literature. Due to this methodological approach, the literary life of Russian exiles in Paris has been implicitly treated as nonexistent until 1924. The present article argues that the Paris period of 1921-1924 was as important for the evolution of Russian Ă©migrĂ© literature as its Berlin period, since the Paris period produced a large number of major Ă©migrĂ© literary figures. It is impossible to comprehend the general evolution of Russian Ă©migrĂ© literature in ail its complexity, as well as the artistic trajectories of many exiles, without taking into account this Paris period called by Dovid Knut "the heroic period of young Ă©migrĂ© poetry."Livak Leonid. Histoire de la littĂ©rature russe en exil : la « pĂ©riode hĂ©roĂŻque » de la jeune poĂ©sie russe Ă  Paris. In: Revue des Ă©tudes slaves, tome 73, fascicule 1, 2001. pp. 133-150

    La dimension littéraire du Studio franco-russe

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    Livak Leonid. La dimension littéraire du Studio franco-russe. In: Revue des études slaves, tome 75, fascicule 3-4, 2004. pp. 473-491

    Les deux solitudes de l’intelligentsia exilĂ©e

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    La dĂ©sintĂ©gration de la diaspora antisoviĂ©tique en tant que communautĂ© culturelle, dont l’épicentre se trouvait en France dans l’entre‑deux‑guerres, n’a fait l’objet d’aucune Ă©tude systĂ©matique. À force d’esquiver ce sujet, nous perdons de vue la nature complexe de la Russie en exil, comme en atteste sa frĂ©quente rĂ©duction Ă  un milieu ethniquement russe et culturellement chrĂ©tien orthodoxe. Le prĂ©sent article suggĂšre que la perte de la diversitĂ© ethno‑confessionnelle dans la communautĂ© russophone en France – le noyau intellectuel de la Russie en exil – fut parmi les raisons de son dĂ©clin prĂ©cipitĂ© dans les annĂ©es 1940. Cette Ă©rosion de la diversitĂ© de la diaspora russophone concerne avant tout sa composante juive, qui Ă©tait trĂšs active dans la vie culturelle russe en France du fait mĂȘme de la forte prĂ©sence de juifs dans l’intelligentsia Ă©migrĂ©e. L’article s’attache Ă  montrer que les expĂ©riences de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, divergentes pour la vaste majoritĂ© des Ă©migrĂ©s non‑juifs de celles de leurs compatriotes juifs, produisirent des fractures fatales Ă  la cohĂ©sion communautaire de la Russie en exil. Cette impossibilitĂ© d’harmoniser ces expĂ©riences dans un rĂ©cit rĂ©trospectif unique expliquerait en partie la rĂ©ticence des mĂ©morialistes Ă©migrĂ©s et des premiers historiens de l’émigration antisoviĂ©tique Ă  traiter des annĂ©es 1940.The disintegration of anti‑Soviet emigration as a cultural community, whose epicenter was located in interwar France, is a poorly studied area. This historiographic lacuna distorts our view of Russia Abroad whose complex make‑up is thus frequently reduced to an ethnically and religiously homogeneous milieu of Orthodox Russians. The present article argues that the loss of ethno‑religious diversity in France’s Russian‑speaking community – the intellectual core of Russia Abroad – was among the reasons for its precipitous decline in the 1940s. This erosion of diversity concerns first and foremost the Russian diaspora’s Jewish component, which was very active in Russian cultural life in France thanks to strong Jewish presence among the Ă©migrĂ© intelligentsia. I will show that significant differences in the ways the war was experienced by most non‑Jewish Ă©migrĂ©s and by their Jewish compatriots contributed to the irreversible fracturing of Russia Abroad as a cultural community. The near‑impossibility to reconcile these experiences and their retrospective interpretation is, to my mind, among the main reasons for the quasi‑silence on the subject of the Russian emigration’s final years in scholarly and memoir literature

    Le Studio franco-russe (1929-1931)

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    The Studio franco-russe, 1929-1931 The article examines the history and implications of the Studio franco-russe, an initiative of regular intellectual and cultural exchanges between the Russian émigré writers and thinkers who took refuge in France after the Bolshevik coup of 1917 and their French col- leagues, which took place in the inter-war Paris at the time of a radical shift in European ideological paradigms. Created by the younger artistic generation of Russian exiles in an effort to span the gap separating their creative activity from the French cultural circles, the Studio became a major venue of intellectual commerce, where a wide array of Russian and French cultural figures were united in open and public debates on the esthetic, philosophical, and moral dilemmas of the day. Archival documents and contemporary critical accounts which shed light on the work of the Studio, as well as the stenographic records of its fourteen meetings allow a relatively faithful reconstruction and analysis of an intellectual adventure unprecedented in the annals of Russian-French cultural interaction.Livak Leonid. Le Studio franco-russe (1929-1931). In: Revue des études slaves, tome 75, fascicule 1, 2004. pp. 109-123
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