Development Value and Path Selection of Kindergarten Curriculum Resources of Tibetan Traditional Culture

It is an important field of preschool education study to carry out the kindergarten curriculum that conform to the local and that are suitable for children’s physical and mental development. Tibetan traditional culture is the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth that are created by Tibetan people in a unique geographical and cultural environment, which has unique regional characteristics and life atmosphere. It is an important part of the Chinese traditional culture, which has constructive value for the development of early childhood curriculum, identify value and inherit value. Based on the traditional Tibetan culture, the development of preschool curriculum resources should adopt the strategy of clarifying the concept of preschool curriculum, following the principles of living and playing, and adhering to the cooperative development of home, developing related courses and constructing the curriculum system

Dual functions of the ZmCCT-associated quantitative trait locus in flowering and stress responses under long-day conditions

Gene ontology enrichment of differentially expressed genes in HZ4 and HZ4-NIL in three development stages. (XLS 21 kb

Phosphoproteomic analysis of the response of maize leaves to drought, heat and their combination stress

Drought and heat stress, especially their combination, greatly affect crop production. Many studies have described transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome changes in response of plants to drought or heat stress. However, the study about the phosphoproteomic changes in response of crops to the combination stress is scare. To understand the mechanism of maize responses to the drought and heat combination stress, phosphoproteomic analysis was performed on maize leaves by using multiplex iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. Five-leaf-stage maize was subjected to drought, heat or their combination, and the leaves were collected. Globally, heat, drought and the combined stress significantly changed the phosphorylation levels of 172, 149 and 144 phosphopeptides, respectively. These phosphopeptides corresponded to 282 proteins. Among them, 23 only responded to the combined stress and could not be predicted from their responses to single stressors; 30 and 75 only responded to drought and heat, respectively. Notably, 19 proteins were phosphorylated on different sites in response to the single and combination stresses. Of the seven significantly enriched phosphorylation motifs identified, two were common for all stresses, two were common for heat and the combined stress, and one was specific to the combined stress. The signaling pathways in which the phosphoproteins were involved clearly differed among the three stresses. Functional characterization of the phosphoproteins and the pathways identified here could lead to new targets for the enhancement of crop stress tolerance, which will be particularly important in the face of climate change and the increasing prevalence of abiotic stressors

Detecting GPC3-Expressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma with L5 Peptide-Guided Pretargeting Approach: In Vitro and In Vivo MR Imaging Experiments

Objective. To investigate the potential of L5 peptide-guided pretargeting approach to identify GPC3-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) as the MR probe. Methods. Immunofluorescence with carboxyfluorescein- (FAM-) labeled L5 peptide was performed in HepG2 cells. Polyethylene glycol-modified USPIO (PEG-USPIO) and its conjugation with streptavidin (SA-PEG-USPIO) were synthesized, and their hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potential, T2 relaxivity, and cytotoxicity were measured. In vitro and in vivo two-step pretargeting MR imaging was performed on HepG2 cells and tumor-bearing mice after the administration of biotinylated L5 peptide (first step), followed by SA-PEG-USPIO (second step). Prussian blue staining was performed to assess iron deposition in tumors. Results. The high specificity of L5 peptide for GPC3 was demonstrated. Generation of SA-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles with good biocompatibility (an average hydrodynamic diameter of 35.97 nm and a zeta potential of −7.91 mV), superparamagnetism (R2 = 0.1039 × 103 mM−1s−1), and low toxicity was achieved. The pretargeting group showed more enhancement than the nonpretargeting group both in vitro (60% vs 20%, P<0.05) and in vivo (32% vs 6%, P<0.001). Substantial iron deposition was only observed in HepG2 cells and tumors in the pretargeting group. Conclusion. L5 peptide-guided, two-step pretargeting approach with USPIO as the MR imaging probe is a lucrative strategy to specifically identify GPC3-expressing HCC

Genetic map positions for genes encoding differentially expressed proteins.

<p>Genetic map positions were determined <i>in silico</i> using the Maize GDB <a href="http://www.maizegdb.org/" target="_blank">http://www.maizegdb.org/</a>. Chr, Chromosome.</p

Differentially expressed maize leaf protein spots observed by 2-DE analysis.

<p>Arrows indicate spots showing significantly regulated proteins in the resistant genotype Siyi (A) and susceptible genotype Mo17 (B). The numbers correspond to those in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070295#pone-0070295-t001" target="_blank">Tables 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070295#pone-0070295-t002" target="_blank">2</a>, respectively.</p

Comparative proteomic analysis of the response of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves to long photoperiod condition

© 2016 Wu, Tian, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Tian, Zhang, Liu and Chen. Maize (Zea mays L.), an important industrial material and food source, shows an astonishing environmental adaptation. A remarkable feature of its post-domestication adaptation from tropical to temperate environments is adaptation to a long photoperiod (LP). Many photoperiod-related genes have been identified in previous transcriptomics analysis, but proteomics shows less evidence for this mechanism of photoperiod response. In this study, we sampled newly expanded leaves of maize at the three- and six-leaf stages from an LP-sensitive introgression line H496, the donor CML288, LP-insensitive inbred line, and recurrent parent Huangzao4 (HZ4) grown under long days (15 h light and 9 h dark). To characterize the proteomic changes in response to LP, the iTRAQ-labeling method was used to determine the proteome profiles of plants exposed to LP. A total of 943 proteins differentially expressed at the three-and six-leaf stages in HZ4 and H496 were identified. Functional analysis was performed by which the proteins were classified into stress defense, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, energy production, and transport functional groups using the WEGO online tool. The enriched gene ontology categories among the identified proteins were identified statistically with the Cytoscape plugin ClueGO + Cluepedia. Twenty Gene Ontology terms showed the highest significance, including those associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, splicesome, ribosome, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate metabolism, L-malate dehydrogenase activity, and RNA transport. In addition, for subcellular location, all proteins showed significant enrichment of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The sugars producted by photosynthesis in plants are also a pivotal metabolic output in the circadian regulation. The results permit the prediction of several crucial proteins to photoperiod response and provide a foundation for further study of the influence of LP treatments on the circadian response in short-day plants

List of proteins identified by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis in resistant maize genotype Siyi’s response to SCMV infection.

a<p>The spot ID was determined at the beginning of the analysis of the gel.</p>b<p>Accession number from NCBI database of the matched protein.</p>c<p>Theoretical MW/pI was calculated using DNAStar software.</p>d<p>NP: the number of matched peptides.</p>e<p>Fold change was calculated by imagemaster 2D software.</p>f<p>P value obtained from ANOVA test analysis.</p>g<p>Map positions were determined <i>in silico</i> using the Maize GDB.</p