49 research outputs found
Exploring Large Language Models for Human Mobility Prediction under Public Events
Public events, such as concerts and sports games, can be major attractors for
large crowds, leading to irregular surges in travel demand. Accurate human
mobility prediction for public events is thus crucial for event planning as
well as traffic or crowd management. While rich textual descriptions about
public events are commonly available from online sources, it is challenging to
encode such information in statistical or machine learning models. Existing
methods are generally limited in incorporating textual information, handling
data sparsity, or providing rationales for their predictions. To address these
challenges, we introduce a framework for human mobility prediction under public
events (LLM-MPE) based on Large Language Models (LLMs), leveraging their
unprecedented ability to process textual data, learn from minimal examples, and
generate human-readable explanations. Specifically, LLM-MPE first transforms
raw, unstructured event descriptions from online sources into a standardized
format, and then segments historical mobility data into regular and
event-related components. A prompting strategy is designed to direct LLMs in
making and rationalizing demand predictions considering historical mobility and
event features. A case study is conducted for Barclays Center in New York City,
based on publicly available event information and taxi trip data. Results show
that LLM-MPE surpasses traditional models, particularly on event days, with
textual data significantly enhancing its accuracy. Furthermore, LLM-MPE offers
interpretable insights into its predictions. Despite the great potential of
LLMs, we also identify key challenges including misinformation and high costs
that remain barriers to their broader adoption in large-scale human mobility
analysis
Rotating BTZ-like black hole and central charges in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
We obtain an exact rotating BTZ-like black hole solution by solving the
corresponding gravitational field equations in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
theory. Result is presented for the purely radial Lorentz symmetry violating
and can only exist with a linear functional potential of the bumblebee field.
This black hole has two horizons and an ergosphere which are dependent on the
bumblebee coupling constant . We study the AdS/CFT correspondence of this
black hole, find that the entropy product of its inner and outer horizons is
universal. So the central charges of the dual CFT on the boundary can be
obtained via the thermodynamic method, and they can reappear black hole mass
and angular momentum in the bulk.Comment: 12 pages, no figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2201.0668
Naitō Konan in the Eyes of His Fellow Sinologists in Kyoto : An Analysis of the July 1934 Issue of Shinagaku in Memory of Naitō’s Passing
Naitō Konan (1866-1934) was one of the leaders of the Kyoto School of Sinology in the early 20th century. As Naitō increasingly became a focus of research in recent decades, there appeared some exaggeration about his image and scholarship. Therefore, taking a look at how he was viewed by his fellow Sinologists in Kyoto immediately after his passing in June 1934, will undoubtedly help us to get a better understanding of Naito. From the seventeen articles included in the July 1934 Issue of Shinagaku『支那学』, one may get impressions about Naitō‘s personality and integrity, as well as his accomplishments as a book collector, an opinion leader, and a university professor.陶徳民教授古稀記念
Dark-Exciton-Mediated Fano Resonance from a Single Gold Nanostructure Deposited on Monolayer WS2 at Room Temperature
Strong spatial confinement and highly reduced dielectric screening provide
monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with strong many-body
effects, thereby possessing optically forbidden excitonic states (i.e., dark
excitons) at room temperature. Herein, we explore the interaction of surface
plasmons with dark excitons in hybrid systems consisting of stacked gold
nanotriangles (AuNTs) and monolayer WS2. We observe a narrow Fano resonance
when the hybrid system is surrounded by water, and we attribute the narrowing
of the spectral Fano linewidth to the plasmon-enhanced decay of dark K-K
excitons. Our results reveal that dark excitons in monolayer WS2 can strongly
modify Fano resonances in hybrid plasmon-exciton systems and can be harnessed
for novel optical sensors and active nanophotonic devices
GJB2 mutation spectrum in 2063 Chinese patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment
Background: Mutations in GJB2 are the most common molecular defects responsible for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment (NSHI). The mutation spectra of this gene vary among different ethnic groups. Methods: In order to understand the spectrum and frequency of GJB2 mutations in the Chinese population, the coding region of the GJB2 gene from 2063 unrelated patients with NSHI was PCR amplified and sequenced. Results: A total of 23 pathogenic mutations were identified. Among them, five (p.W3X, c.99delT, c.155_c.158delTCTG, c.512_c.513insAACG, and p.Y152X) are novel. Three hundred and seven patients carry two confirmed pathogenic mutations, including 178 homozygotes and 129 compound heterozygotes. One hundred twenty five patients carry only one mutant allele. Thus, GJB2 mutations account for 17.9% of the mutant alleles in 2063 NSHI patients. Overall, 92.6% (684/739) of the pathogenic mutations are frame-shift truncation or nonsense mutations. The four prevalent mutations; c.235delC, c.299_c.300delAT, c.176_c.191del16, and c.35delG, account for 88.0% of all mutantalleles identified. The frequency of GJB2 mutations (alleles) varies from 4% to 30.4% among different regions of China. It also varies among different sub-ethnic groups. Conclusion: In some regions of China, testing of the three most common mutations can identify at least one GJB2 mutant allele in all patients. In other regions such as Tibet, the three most common mutations account for only 16% the GJB2 mutant alleles. Thus, in this region, sequencing of GJB2 would be recommended. In addition, the etiology of more than 80% of the mutant alleles for NSHI in China remains to be identified. Analysis of other NSHI related genes will be necessary