The Potential Involvement of E-cadherin and β-catenins in Meningioma

To investigate the potential involvements of E-cadherin and β-catenin in meningioma.Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on samples from patients with meningioma. The results were graded according to the positive ratio and intensity of tissue immunoreactivity. The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in meningioma was analyzed by its relationship with WHO2007 grading, invasion, peritumoral edema and postoperative recurrence.The positive rates of E-cadherin in meningioma WHO I, II, III were 92.69%, 33.33% and 0, respectively, (P<0.05); while the positive rates of β-catenin in meningioma WHO I, II, III were 82.93%, 33.33% and 20.00%, respectively, (P<0.05). The positive rate of E-cadherin in meningioma without invasion (94.12%) was higher than that with invasion (46.67%) (P<0.05). The difference in the positive rate of β-catenin between meningioma without invasion (88.24%) and meningioma with invasion (33.33%, P<0.05) was also statically significant. The positive rates of E-cadherin in meningioma with peritumoral edema 0, 1, 2, 3 were 93.75%, 85.71%, 60.00% and 0 respectively, (P<0.05); the positive rates of β-catenin in meningioma with peritumoral edema 0, 1, 2, 3 were 87.50%, 85.71%, 30.00% and 0 respectively, (P<0.01). The positive rates of E- cadherin in meningioma with postoperative recurrence were 33.33%, and the positive rate with postoperative non-recurrence was 90.00% (P<0.01). The positive rates of β-catenin in meningioma with postoperative recurrence and non-recurrence were 11.11%, 85.00%, respectively (P<0.01).The expression levels of E- cadherin and β-catenin correlated closely to the WHO 2007 grading criteria for meningioma. In atypical or malignant meningioma, the expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly lower. The expression levels of E- cadherin and β-catenin were also closely correlated with the invasion status of meningioma, the size of the peritumoral edema and the recurrent probabilities of the meningioma, all in an inverse correlationship. Taken together, the present study provided novel molecular targets in clinical treatments to meningioma

Evaluation of Geometrical Influence on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Power Absorption of Vertical Axisymmetric Wave Energy Converters in Irregular Waves

To obtain the mechanical energy of waves from arbitrary directions, the vibration absorbers of wave energy converters (WEC) are usually vertically axisymmetric. In such case, the wave-body interaction hydrodynamics is an essential research topic to obtain high-efficiency wave energy. In this paper, a semi-analytical method of decomposing the complex axisymmetric boundary into several ring-shaped stepped surfaces based upon the boundary approximation method (BAM) is introduced and examined. The hydrodynamic loads and parameters, such as the wave excitation forces, added mass and radiation damping of the vertical axisymmetric oscillating buoys, can then be achieved by using the new boundary discretisation method. The calculations of the wave forces and hydrodynamic coefficients show good convergence with the number of discretisation increases. Comparison between the constringent results and the results of the conventional method also verifies the feasibility of the method. Then, simulations and comparisons of the hydrodynamic forces, motions and wave power conversions of the buoys with series draught and displacement ratios in regular and irregular waves are conducted. The calculation results show that the geometrical shape has a great effect on the hydrodynamic and wave power conversion performance of the absorber. In regular waves, though the concave buoy has the lowest wave conversion efficiency, it has the largest frequency bandwidth for a given draught ratio, while in irregular waves, for a given draught ratio, the truncated cylindrical buoy has the best wave power conversion, and for a given displacement of the buoy, the concave buoy shows the best wave power conversion ability

Conflict Analysis in Replicated Collaborative Solid Modeling Systems

Abstract Conflict problem is one of the major issues in Collaborative CAD systems. Based on a flexible multi-user interaction framework for replicated Collaborative Solid Modeling (CSM) systems, typical conflict issues are researched. The casualty conflict was discussed at first. Then, the name conflict was analyzed. Finally, compatibility checking for operations that may result in possible conflicts is studied. Based the analysis, some interesting results are discovered. The results will be helpful to utilize the potential advantages of replicated CSM systems in future

Extracting subpixel vegetation NDVI time series for evaluating the mixed pixel effect on GPP estimation in urban areas

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is the most widely used vegetation index for monitoring vegetation vigor and cover. As NDVI time series are usually derived at coarse or medium spatial resolutions, pixel size often represents a mixture of vegetated and non-vegetated surfaces. In heterogeneous urban areas, mixed pixels impede the accurate estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP). To address the mixed pixel effect on NDVI time series and GPP estimation, we proposed a framework to extract subpixel vegetation NDVI (NDVIvege) from Landsat OLI images in urban areas, using endmember fractions, mixed NDVI (NDVImix), and NDVI of non-vegetation endmembers. Results demonstrated that the NDVIvege extracted by this framework agreed well with the true NDVIvege cross seasons and vegetation fractions, with R2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.82 and RMSE ranging from 0.03 to 0.04. The NDVIvege time series was applied to evaluate vegetation GPP in Wuhan, China. The total annual GPP estimated with NDVIvege was 28-35% higher than the total annual GPP estimated with NDVImix, implying uncertainty in the GPP estimations caused by mixed pixels. This study showed the potential of the proposed framework to resolve NDVIvege for characterizing vegetation dynamics in heterogeneous areas

A Method for Generating True Random Numbers With Multiple Distribution Characteristics

In this paper, a method of generating true random numbers obeying multiple distribution characteristics is proposed. First, two resistance-capacitance (RC) self-excited oscillation circuits are used to generate two jittered, periodically unstable square wave signals, and then a text high-precision and high-frequency quartz crystal oscillator is used to sample and measure these two jittered signals to obtain their periods. Due to the randomness of the external environment, there is Gaussian white noise in the circuit, so the periods of these two signals are random variables subject to the Gaussian distribution. Finally, we use a text field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to perform secondary processing on these two random signals, which can generate true random number sequences that conform to the distribution characteristics of Gaussian distribution, Poisson distribution, 0&#x2013;1 distribution, uniform distribution, etc. The random numbers generated by the circuit can be applied to the field of intelligent control related to automatic control and machine learning. This method uses a physical entropy source to generate high-quality true random sequences, which are easy to build, low in circuit cost, and small in size. The experimental results show that the method is low-cost, highly reliable and easy to integrate, providing an effective solution for the generation of true random numbers in electronic systems

Creación de la población PQUI-1 desarrollada con tolerancia a frío mediante selección recurrente en arroz = PQUI-1 rice population developed with cold tolerance by recurrent selection

<p>Expression level was determined as ++.</p

The expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin with the postoperative recurrence of meningioma.

<p>The expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin with the postoperative recurrence of meningioma.</p

E-cadherin immunostaining on tissue of epithelial type of meningioma (WHO I grade), with amplification of 200X.

<p>Expression level was determined as +.</p