Physical activity and weight loss among adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity: a post hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial

Importance: Prior findings from the Look AHEAD trial showed no significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events by lifestyle-induced weight loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. However, physical activity (PA) may modify the changes in cardiovascular risk associated with weight loss. Objective: To examine the joint association of weight loss and PA with the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and overweight or obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was a post hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial, which compared the cardiovascular effects of weight loss by intensive lifestyle intervention vs diabetes support and education among individuals with T2D and overweight or obesity. The study was conducted from June 2001 to September 2012, and participants were patients in the substudy of accelerometry-measured PA from 8 locations in the United States. Data were analyzed from June to August 2023. Exposures: Body weight change and accelerometer-derived PA volume across the first 4 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a composite cardiovascular outcome including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for angina. Results: Among a total of 1229 participants (mean [SD] age, 60 [7] years; 533 male [43%]), 333 (27%) achieved and maintained weight loss for the first 4 years. Among the individuals who maintained weight loss, 105 (32%) maintained high PA volume. During a median of 9.5 years of follow-up, 198 participants (16.1%) experienced the primary outcome. Compared with those with low PA volume and no weight loss (105 [15.8%]), maintaining high PA volume and weight loss was associated with a 61% lower risk of the primary end point (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19-0.81; P = .01). However, there was no significant difference in the risk of the primary end point among those with either weight loss only or high PA only. The multiplicative interaction between weight loss and PA for the risk of cardiovascular events was also significant (P for interaction = .01). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, maintaining weight loss and higher PA volume was associated with a lower risk of the composite cardiovascular outcome. The findings suggest that the cardiovascular benefits of PA may vary and be enhanced by weight loss among individuals with T2D and overweight or obesity

Experimental Study on Shear Performance of Post-Tensioning Prestressed Concrete Beams with Locally Corroded Steel Strands

To study the effect of the local corrosion of prestressed steel strands on the shear failure mode and shear bearing capacity of concrete beams, unilateral steel strands in four post-tensioning prestressed concrete (PC) beams are corroded, and the shear test of four PC beams are performed. Moreover, a simplified calculation method for the shear bearing capacity of concrete beams with diagonal steel bars is proposed considering the effect of cross-sectional reduction of steel bars, the degradation of mechanical properties, and the cross-sectional damage of concrete. Results shows that the crack propagation mode and failure mode are unrelated to the corrosion of prestressed steel bars when the shear span ratio of beam is the same. The shear capacity of the beam decreases with the increase of corrosion rate, but the decreasing rate is lower than the increasing rate of the corrosion rate. The growth rate of stirrup stress is much greater than that of load after concrete tension and compression loss cracking, and the yield of stirrup can be used as a sign of the ultimate bearing capacity of the beam. In addition, by comparing the experimental and numerical simulation results, the proposed simplified calculation method for the shear bearing capacity of concrete beams is of high accuracy

Broadband light output enhancement for scintillator using whispering‐gallery modes in nanospheres (Phys. Status Solidi A 7∕2014)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108101/1/pssa201470242.pd

Maternal high-protein diet modulates hepatic growth axis in weaning piglets by reprogramming theIGFBP-3gene

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high dietary protein intake on the hepatic growth axis in offspring. Methods Fourteen primiparous purebred Meishan sows were fed either a standard-protein (SP,n = 7) diet or a high-protein(HP, 150% of SP,n = 7) diet during pregnancy. Offspring (one male and one female per group,n = 14) on day 70 of the embryonic stage and on days 1, 35 and 180 after birth were selected, weighed and killed. Serum samples were analyzed for Tch, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels. Liver samples were analyzed forIGFBP-3andIGF-ImRNA expression by qRT-PCR and for IGFBP-3, IGF1R and growth hormone receptor (GHR) protein expression by Western blotting. The underlying mechanism of IGFBP-3 regulation was determined by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results High-protein exposure resulted in significantly higher body and liver weights of piglets, and it increased their serum T3 and T4 levels at birth and/or at weaning. Furthermore, the IGFBP-3 protein content in the liver and serum was significantly reduced in the HP-exposed weaning piglets, whereas at the transcriptional levelIGFBP-3mRNA expression was downregulated in the livers of HP group piglets. Finally, DNA hypermethylation and higher enrichment of the histone repressive marks H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 were observed. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that a maternal high-protein diet during gestation epigenetically reprogramsIGFBP-3gene expression to modulate the hepatic growth axis in weaning piglets

Protective effects of astragaloside IV on db/db mice with diabetic retinopathy.

ObjectivesDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic eye disease which is well-known as the result of microvascular retinal changes. Although the potential biological functions of astragaloside IV (AS IV) have long been described in traditional system of medicine, its protective effect on DR remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the function and mechanism of AS IV on type 2 diabetic db/db mice.MethodsDb/db mice were treated with AS IV (4.5 mg/kg or 9 mg/kg) or physiological saline by oral gavage for 20 weeks along with db/m mice. In each group, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function was measured by pattern electroretinogram (ERG) and apoptosis was determined by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Blood and retina aldose reductase (AR) activity were quantified by chemiluminescence analysis. The expressions of phosporylated-ERK1/2, NF-κB were determined by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression of related downstream proteins were quantified by Label-based Mouse Antibody Array.ResultsAdministration of AS IV significantly improved the amplitude in pattern ERG and reduced the apoptosis of RGCs.in db/db mice. Furthermore, downregulation of AR activity, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NF-κB and related cytokine were observed in AS IV treatment group.ConclusionsOur study indicated that AS IV, as an inhibitor of AR, could prevent the activation of ERK1/2 phosporylation and NF-kB and further relieve the RGCs disfunction in db/db mice with DR. It has provided a basis for investigating the clinical efficacy of AR inhibitors in preventing DR

Association between the insulin resistance and all-cause mortality in patients with moderate and severe aortic stenosis: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). However, whether the TyG index has prognostic value in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains unclear. Methods This study enrolled 317 patients with moderate to severe AS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. The patients were grouped according to the cut-off value of the TyG index. Cox regression with Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood method and restricted cubic splines regression were conducted to assess the association between the TyG index and all-cause mortality. The added value of the TyG index included in the traditional risk factors model for outcome prediction was also analyzed. Results Among 317 patients (mean age 67.70 years, 62.8% male), there was 84 all-cause mortality during a median 38.07 months follow-up. After fully adjusting for confounders, a per-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 62% higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.622, 95% CI 1.086–2.416, p = 0.018). The restricted cubic splines regression model revealed a linear association between the TyG index and the risk of all-cause mortality (p for nonlinearity = 0.632). The addition of the TyG index in the basic risk model has an incremental effect on the prediction of mortality [C-statistic change from 0.755 to 0.768; continuous net reclassification improvement (95% CI): 0.299 (0.051–0.546), p = 0.017; integrated discrimination improvement: 0.017 (0.001–0.033), p = 0.044]. Conclusions Higher IR assessed by the TyG index was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients with moderate and severe AS

关于欠发达地区农村垃圾处置模式的研究 ：以广东省乳源县为例 = Study of waste management in undeveloped rural area : with Ruyuan County of Guangdong Province for example

伴随着经济社会的快速发展，中国广大农村面貌发生了根本改变，农民生活水平全面提高，同时农村生态环境也面临严峻挑战。科学处置农村垃圾，是改善农村人居环境，促进经济社会可持续发展的重要任务。 With the rapid economic and social development, China's vast rural areas have undergone a fundamental change, and comprehensively improve the living standards of farmers, while the rural ecological environment is also facing severe challenges. Scientific disposal of garbage in rural areas, to improve rural living environment and promote sustainable economic and social development of the important tasks.Master of Public Administratio