Maximum Power Output of Quantum Heat Engine with Energy Bath

The difference between quantum isoenergetic process and quantum isothermal process comes from the violation of the law of equipartition of energy in the quantum regime. To reveal an important physical meaning of this fact, here we study a special type of quantum heat engine consisting of three processes: isoenergetic, isothermal and adiabatic processes. Therefore, this engine works between the energy and heat baths. Combining two engines of this kind, it is possible to realize the quantum Carnot engine. Furthermore, considering finite velocity of change of the potential shape, here an infinite square well with moving walls, the power output of the engine is discussed. It is found that the efficiency and power output are both closely dependent on the initial and final states of the quantum isothermal process. The performance of the engine cycle is shown to be optimized by control of the occupation probability of the ground state, which is determined by the temperature and the potential width. The relation between the efficiency and power output is also discussed.Comment: 17pages,5figure

Mock Impoliteness:The case of A Chinese Online Talk Show— Roast!

Mock impoliteness, a term encompassing a wide array of phenomena (e.g., banter, teasing, mocking, jocular mockery, jocular abuse/insults, humour, etc.), has long been grounded in the framework of (im)politeness. It has also been studied under terms such as “anti-normative politeness” (Zimmerman, 2003), “sociable rudeness” (Kienpointner, 1997) and “ritual abuse” (Parkin, 1980). Having attracted a plethora of scholarly attention for several decades (Leech, 1983; Culpeper, 2005, 2011; Culpeper et al., 2017; Mills, 2003; Grainger, 2004; Terkourafi, 2008; Haugh, 2010; Haugh & Bousfield, 2012), the heated debates of mock impoliteness center around (1) its theoretical grounding, (2) its definition, and (3) its relationship with genuine impoliteness, mock politeness and politeness. This thesis contributes to such debates by investigating mock impoliteness in the context of a Chinese game show featuring “roast”, which is of particular relevance to mock impoliteness, focusing on (1) How is mock impoliteness constructed?; and (2) How is mock impoliteness evaluated by the third-party participants?. In investigating the construction of mock impoliteness, this thesis adopts Culpeper (2011) and Culpeper et al. (2017)’s mixed messages and Spencer-Oatey (2002, 2005)’s rapport management as its theoretical frameworks (modification was made when necessary), following a general integrative pragmatics approach (Culpeper and Haugh, 2014; Haugh and Culpeper, 2018), which also takes multimodality and metalanguage into consideration. Evidence shows that mock impoliteness is constructed dynamically, and different types of mock impoliteness show a strong preference for targeting at hearers’ quality face. In investigating the evaluation of mock impoliteness, a specific feature of this data, that is, Danmaku, an online commenting system imbedded in the video frame, allows the access of a large amount of metapragmatic evaluations of mock impoliteness. An effective coding scheme that captures many dimensions of Danmaku data was created for analysis. Then an unusual approach to the data (at least in the field of pragmatics), a machine learning technique –– conditional inference tree model (Hothorn et al., 2006; Tagliamonte and Baayen, 2012; Tantucci and Wang, 2018) was adopted to answer the research question. This method generates clear data visualization based on statistical significance. The results demonstrate that Funniness and Impoliteness are the two most statistically significant factors of evaluations of mock impoliteness. With modification of the theoretical framework and investigation of a rather new type of data, the Danmaku data, this thesis makes both theoretical and methodological contribution to the field of (mock) (im)politeness while redressing the possible Anglocentric bias by offering solid empirical evidence in Chinese data

An evaluation of different RANS turbulence models for simulating breaking waves past a vertical cylinder

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the performance of different turbulence models for predicting the interaction between breaking waves and a vertical cylinder based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Six different models are investigated in the present study, i.e., no turbulence model, the k − ω SST turbulence model, the buoyancymodified k − ω SST turbulence model, the stabilized k − ω SST turbulence model, the modified stabilized k − ωSST turbulence model and the realizable k − ε turbulence model. The vertical cylinder is installed at the edge of a 1:10 slope on the bottom of the numerical wave tank. The numerical simulations are conducted by solving the unsteady ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using waves2Foam (a solver based on the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software OpenFOAM). The present numerical results of the surface elevations and the breaking wave forces are compared with published experimental data. The kinetic characteristics beneath the free surface including averaged velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinematic viscosity are also investigated. It is observed that the stabilized k − ω SST turbulence (λ2 = 0.05, αβs = 1.36) and the buoyancy-modified k − ωSST turbulence model (αβs = 1.176) effectively reduce the turbulent kinetic energy before wave breaking, but the predicted breaking wave forces on the cylinder are smaller than that of the experimental data. The k − ω SST turbulence model shows good agreement with the experimental data in terms of the free surface elevation and the breaking wave force, but it overpredicts the turbulent kinetic energy. The realizable k − ε turbulence model does not give good predictions of both the free surface elevation and the breaking wave force as compared to the published experimental data.publishedVersio

You’re so mean but I like it – Metapragmatic evaluation of mock impoliteness in Danmaku comments

Mock impoliteness, a term encompassing a wide array of phenomena (e.g., banter, teasing, mocking, jocular mockery, jocular abuse/insults, humour, etc.), has long been grounded in the framework of (im)politeness. However, the research on the participants’ metapragmatic evaluations of mock impoliteness is scarce, with the exception of Sinkeviciute (2017). This research aims to investigate the third-party participants’ metapragmatic evaluation in Danmaku comments in a Chinese online talk show Roast! that features mock impoliteness speech events. Danmaku, as a commenting system that displays users’ synchronous comments within the video stream, is widely used in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan (Wu & Ito, 2014). Danmaku comments provide easy access to a vast amount of third-party participants’ evaluations of mock impoliteness, which is an ideal data source for this research. Such metapragmatic evaluations offer invaluable insight to the first-order understanding of mock impoliteness, which resonates with the discursive approaches to (im)politeness that advocates first-order understanding of (im)politeness interactions (Eelen, 2001; Locher and Watts, 2005; Locher, 2006, 2012, 2015; Mills, 2003). By qualitatively categorizing the information provided in the Danmaku comments, a data-driven coding scheme is created, which captures different aspects of information: (i) in-text reference (Referent and Speech Event); (ii) pragmatic phenomena that is relevant to mock impoliteness (Impoliteness and Funniness), and (iii) metapragmatic evaluation (positive/negative Evaluation). Then a conditional inference tree model (Hothorn et al., 2006; Tagliamonte and Baayen, 2012; Tantucci and Wang, 2018) was fitted to investigate to what extent the above factors contribute to third-party participants’ metapragmatic evaluations of mock impoliteness. This method generated clear data visualization by displaying the ranking of contributing factors to the metapragmatic evaluations. Such quantitative results were then interpreted through qualitative analysis of typical examples from the data. The analysis concludes that funniness and impoliteness are the two most statistically significant factors contributing to Danmaku users’ qualitative evaluations. This conclusion, in return provides solid empirical evidence for second-order theoretical underpinning of mock impoliteness

Characteristics of Precambrian basement intruded by Cretaceous geological intrusions in Monteregian Igneous Province and their impacts on regional thermal structure

With the progress of geothermal exploration in deep buried geological bodies, high radiogenic geological intrusions have become the hot spot in recent years. However, the assessment of the complex structure, lithology of geological intrusions by the geophysical methods has uncertainty, making it a challenging to accurately predict the thermal structure around the geological intrusions. In southern Québec, Canada, recent studies show that a relative high surface heat flux has been detected in the region enclosed by Montréal, Salaberry-de-Valleyfield and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, around the southwest of the Monteregian Hills, which belong to the Early Cretaceous alkaline and carbonatite intrusions. It is not clear whether these Monteregian intrusions have impacts on the thermal anomaly of the Montréal, Salaberry-de-Valleyfield and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu region. The objective of this paper is to numerically investigate the thermal structure in the thermal anomaly region, considering the impact of different Monteregian intrusions. The simplified Monteregian intrusions are embedded into a three-dimensional geological model consisting of the sedimentary formations in the St. Lawrence Lowlands and the simulator Underworld2 is used for the thermal modelling. Simulation results show that the geological intrusions in this region have large impacts on the thermal structure at the local-scale, depending on the radiogenic heat production, thermal conductivity, emplacement depth and size. Temperature in the sedimentary formations may be lower or higher than that of the adjacent geological intrusions, highly depending on the thermal physical characteristics of these intrusions. Furthermore, the complex fault systems also strongly control the thermal distribution in different fault blocks, making the Potsdam Group sandstone located between the Grand-St-Esprit and Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil faults as the potential geothermal reservoir.Cited as: Liu, H., Ban, S., Bédard, K., Giroux, B. Characteristics of Precambrian basement intruded by Cretaceous geological intrusions in Monteregian Igneous Province and their impacts on regional thermal structure. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2022, 6(3): 206-220. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2022.03.0

Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography at 1200 nm for lipid detection

Significance: Spectroscopic analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data can yield added information about the sample's chemical composition, along with high-resolution images. Typical commercial OCT systems operate at wavelengths that may not be optimal for identifying lipid-containing samples based on absorption features. Aim: The main aim of this study was to develop a 1200 nm spectroscopic OCT (SOCT) for the classification of lipid-based and water-based samples by extracting the lipid absorption peak at 1210 nm from the OCT data. Approach: We developed a 1200 nm OCT system and implemented a signal processing algorithm that simultaneously retrieves spectroscopic and structural information from the sample. In this study, we validated the performance of our OCT system by imaging weakly scattering phantoms with and without lipid absorption features. An orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was developed and applied to classify weakly scattering samples based on their absorption features. Results: The OCT system achieved an axial resolution of 7.2 m and a sensitivity of 95 dB. The calibrated OPLS-DA model on weakly scattering samples with lipid and water-based absorption features correctly classified 19/20 validation samples. Conclusions: The 1200 nm SOCT system can discriminate the lipid-containing weakly scattering samples from water-based weakly scattering samples with good predictive ability.</p