128 research outputs found
Floor-SP: Inverse CAD for Floorplans by Sequential Room-wise Shortest Path
This paper proposes a new approach for automated floorplan reconstruction
from RGBD scans, a major milestone in indoor mapping research. The approach,
dubbed Floor-SP, formulates a novel optimization problem, where room-wise
coordinate descent sequentially solves dynamic programming to optimize the
floorplan graph structure. The objective function consists of data terms guided
by deep neural networks, consistency terms encouraging adjacent rooms to share
corners and walls, and the model complexity term. The approach does not require
corner/edge detection with thresholds, unlike most other methods. We have
evaluated our system on production-quality RGBD scans of 527 apartments or
houses, including many units with non-Manhattan structures. Qualitative and
quantitative evaluations demonstrate a significant performance boost over the
current state-of-the-art. Please refer to our project website
http://jcchen.me/floor-sp/ for code and data.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ICCV 201
Targeting the complex I and III of mitochondrial electron transport chain as a potentially viable option in liver cancer management
Abstract Liver cancer is one of the most common and lethal types of oncological disease in the world, with limited treatment options. New treatment modalities are desperately needed, but their development is hampered by a lack of insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease. It is clear that metabolic reprogramming in mitochondrial function is intimately linked to the liver cancer process, prompting the possibility to explore mitochondrial biochemistry as a potential therapeutic target. Here we report that depletion of mitochondrial DNA, pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) complex I/complex III, or genetic of mETC complex I restricts cancer cell growth and clonogenicity in various preclinical models of liver cancer, including cell lines, mouse liver organoids, and murine xenografts. The restriction is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis induction and reduced ATP generation. As a result, our findings suggest that the mETC compartment of mitochondria could be a potential therapeutic target in liver cancer
On Uni-Modal Feature Learning in Supervised Multi-Modal Learning
We abstract the features (i.e. learned representations) of multi-modal data
into 1) uni-modal features, which can be learned from uni-modal training, and
2) paired features, which can only be learned from cross-modal interactions.
Multi-modal models are expected to benefit from cross-modal interactions on the
basis of ensuring uni-modal feature learning. However, recent supervised
multi-modal late-fusion training approaches still suffer from insufficient
learning of uni-modal features on each modality. We prove that this phenomenon
does hurt the model's generalization ability. To this end, we propose to choose
a targeted late-fusion learning method for the given supervised multi-modal
task from Uni-Modal Ensemble(UME) and the proposed Uni-Modal Teacher(UMT),
according to the distribution of uni-modal and paired features. We demonstrate
that, under a simple guiding strategy, we can achieve comparable results to
other complex late-fusion or intermediate-fusion methods on various multi-modal
datasets, including VGG-Sound, Kinetics-400, UCF101, and ModelNet40
Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women
Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common psychological condition following childbirth, and may have a detrimental effect on the social and cognitive health of spouses, infants, and children. The aim of this study was to complete a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the global epidemiology of PPD. A total of 565 studies from 80 different countries or regions were included in the final analysis. Postpartum depression was found in 17.22% (95% CI 16.00–18.51) of the world’s population. Meta-regression analysis showed that study size, country or region development, and country or region income were the causes of heterogeneity. Multivariable meta-regression analysis found that study size and country or area development were the most important predictors. Varied prevalence rates were noted in geographic regions with the highest rate found in Southern Africa (39.96%). Of interested was a significantly lower rate of PPD in developed countries or high-income countries or areas. Furthermore, the findings showed that there was a substantial difference in rates of PPD when marital status, educational level, social support, spouse care, violence, gestational age, breast feeding, child mortality, pregnancy plan, financial difficulties, partnership, life stress, smoking, alcohol intake, and living conditions were considered in the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that one out of every five women experiences PPD which is linked to income and geographic development. It is triggered by a variety of causes that necessitate the attention and committed intervention of primary care providers, clinicians, health authorities, and the general population.</p
Production of cold-adapted cellulase by Verticillium sp. isolated from Antarctic soils
Background: Cellulose can be converted to ethanol by simultaneous
saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The difference between the
optimal temperature of cellulase and microbial fermentation, however,
has been identified as the critical problem with SSF. In this study,
one fungal strain (AnsX1) with high cellulase activity at low
temperature was isolated from Antarctic soils and identified as
Verticillium sp. by morphological and molecular analyses. Results:
The biochemical properties of crude AnsX1 cellulase samples were
studied by filter paper cellulase assay. The maximum cellulase activity
was achieved at low temperature in an acidic environment with addition
of metal ions. Furthermore, AnsX1 cellulase demonstrated 54-63%
enzymatic activity at ethanol concentrations of 5-10%. AnsX1 cellulase
production was influenced by inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen
sources, and elicitors. The optimal culture conditions for AnsX1
cellulase production were 5% inoculum, wheat bran as carbon source,
(NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source, and sorbitol added in the medium.
Conclusions: Our present work has potential to enable the development
of an economic and efficient cold-adapted cellulase system for
bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels in future
Lipid droplets and their interactions with other organelles in liver diseases
Lipid droplets are cellular organelles used for lipid storage with a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer. Besides presenting as giant single organelles in fat tissue, lipid droplets are also widely present as a multitude of small structures in hepatocytes, where they play key roles in health and disease of the liver. In addition to lipid storage, lipid droplets are also directly involved in lipid metabolism, membrane biosynthesis, cell signaling, inflammation, pathogen-host interaction and cancer development. In addition, they interact with other cellular organelles to regulate cellular biology. It is fair to say that the exact functions of lipid droplets in cellular physiology remain largely obscure. Thus prompted, here we aim to analyze the corpus of contemporary biomedical literature to create a framework as to how the role of lipid droplets in hepatocyte physiology and pathophysiology should be understood. The resulting framework should help understanding the interaction of lipid droplets with other organelles in important liver diseases, including fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis and liver cancer and direct further research directions
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