The estimation of pork carcass primal cuts value based on backfat thickness

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pork carcass backfat thickness on the dissection efficiency of four primal cuts (ham, loin, shoulder, belly),including correlation coefficients. The research material consisted of 80 pork carcasses. Backfat thickness (mm) was measured on cold half-carcasses using a vernier caliper at 6 points: at the first cervical vertebra (atlas), over shoulder at the thickest point, on the back, at the beginning, center, end of the gluteus medius muscle (CI, CII, CIII). On the basis of the average backfat thickness, measurements from 6 points were separated into two experimental groups: I (<25 mm); II (≥25 mm).Detailed dissection of the elements was performed to define mass (g): total,intermuscular fat, bones and lean meat. The significant effect of fat thickness on intermuscular fat content regardless of the cut was noted. Correlations between the average backfat thickness of 6 points and the total weight of the four main elements were calculated. In addition, the correlation coefficients were compared between the dissection elements and the average backfat thickness of 6 and 5 points. Higher backfat thickness determined the increase in the total mass of loin, shoulder and belly. A statistically proven correlation was shown between the average backfat thickness and the total mass of the analysed elements (r=0.293). When comparing the correlation coefficients of a different number of measurements a specific tendency was observed. Positive correlation coefficients were slightly higher for an average of 5 points of backfat thickness and negative correlation coefficients were slightly higher for an average of 6 points. Statistical differences between groups were recorded at the same level for the same parameters (P≤0.001 and 0.01<P≤0.05).The average backfat thickness of 6 points can be used as an indicator of the amount and quality of pork carcass primal cuts, with no adverse effects compared to standard 5 points

Onofrio Positano v. Secretary PA Dept of Corr

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvani

The concurrent impact of mild cognitive impairment and frailty syndrome in heart failure

Pathological processes associated with ageing increase the risk of cognitive deficits and dementia. Frailty syndrome, also known as weakness or reserve depletion syndrome, may significantly accelerate these pathological processes in the elderly population. Frailty syndrome is characterized by decreased physiological function and neuropsychiatric symptoms, including cognitive decline and depressive states. In people with cardiovascular disease, the risk of frailty is 3 times higher. Frailty syndrome is particularly prevalent in severe heart failure, which increases the risk of mortality, increases hospital readmission, and reduces patients’ quality of life. In addition, co-occurrence of cognitive impairment and frailty syndrome significantly increases the risk of dementia and other adverse outcomes, including mortality, in the heart failure population

Migrant mothers: Kin work and cultural work in making future citizens

This themed issue explores the caring, cultural and emotional labour of migrant mothers in raising their children, highlighting the ways in which their mothering and family practices contribute to creating future citizens in contemporary societies, increasingly characterised by ethnic, racial, religious, cultural and social diversity. A key objective of the themed issue is to probe into the practices, processes and structures shaping migrant mothers’ ‘kin work’, while recognising the family as a site of internal and societal contestation. Kin work highlights the importance of women’s culture and care work that takes places across public and private boundaries (di Leonardo, 1984), and also the way in which the link between ‘race’, racialisation and motherhood encourages particular kinds of mothering practices. The themed issue is multidisciplinary, combining cutting-edge work by leading and early-career researchers. The collection of articles originally emerged out of an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Network, ‘Migrant mothers caring for the future’ (2013–15) (www.open.ac.uk/ccig/research/projects/migrant-mothers-caring-for-the-future). In addition to the substantive articles in this issue, the Open Space section offers shorter reflective pieces whereby contributors address key policy issues affecting migrant mothers

Buildings from the Socialist Past as part of a City's Brand Identity: The case of Warsaw

The aim of this paper is to investigate those buildings left over from Warsaw's socialist past as a part of the city's brand visual identity including their perception by foreign tourists and local citizens. Although Lisiak (2009) examined the destruction, removal and presence of these remnants from the socialist past in Central European cities, a comparative study of the perception of these architectural sites erected in Warsaw during socialist times has not been carried out specifically so far. To fill the gap, the authors concentrated research efforts on the following buildings: Palace of Culture and Science; the SMYK Store at Bracka 15/19; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development at Wspólna 30; Office Building and Atrium at Wspólna 62; and the former headquarters of the Polish Communist Party at Nowy Świat 6/12. These buildings were built after the Second World War between the late 1940s and the first half of the 1950s. With the exception of the Palace of Culture and Science - which is one of the most notable symbols of Warsaw - these architectural sites are not on a priority list of the average tourist who does little or no planning for their trip. Nevertheless, these buildings are connected to the Polish People's Republic era and might attract different groups interested in this historical period and architecture. Apart from being potential tourist attractions, these buildings are being re-evaluated and restored to become integrated into the urban environment and more 'comfortable' for the local inhabitants. This paper gives some insights into the recognition and attractiveness of these architectural sites from the socialist past by those from Russia and the USA who have visited Warsaw as well as by Poles who know this city well. It is recommended that these results be taken into consideration by tourist agencies who deal with tours in Warsaw as well as institutions responsible for the city's image. The authors express the hope that this paper might be of interest for officials with public relations duties related to these architectural sites.

EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF LOW-LET RADIATION ON THE INNATE ANTITUMOR REACTIONS IN RADIORESISTANT AND RADIOSENSITIVE MICE

BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice differ in their Th1/Th2 lymphocyte and M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes, radiosensitivity, and post-irradiation tumor incidence. In this study we evaluated the effects of repeated low-level exposures to X-rays on the development of artificial tumor colonies in the lungs of animals from the two strains and cytotoxic activities of natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages obtained from these mice. After ten daily irradiations of BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice with 0.01, 0.02, and 0.1 Gy X-rays NK cell-enriched splenocytes collected from the animals demonstrated significant and comparable up-regulation of their anti-tumor cytotoxic function. Likewise, peritoneal macrophages collected from the two irradiated strains of mice exhibited the similarly stimulated cytotoxicities against susceptible tumor cells and produced significantly more nitric oxide. These results were accompanied by the significantly reduced numbers of the neoplastic colonies induced in the lungs by intravenous injection of syngeneic tumor cells. The obtained results indicate that ten low-level irradiations with X-rays stimulate the generally similar anti-tumor reactions in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice

Understanding and Managing the Emotional Labor of Qualitative Research

Um Lösungen für qualitative Forscher*innen anzubieten, die an der Überwindung emotionaler Arbeit arbeiten, haben wir uns auf Daten aus der Feldforschung mit marginalisierten Bevölkerungsgruppen konzentriert, darunter Mütter von Kindern mit Behinderungen, nordkoreanische Flüchtlinge und Pädagog*innen, die in unterfinanzierten und abgelegenen ländlichen Schulbezirken arbeiten. Es ist wichtig, die Bedeutung emotionaler Arbeit in qualitativen Studien anzuerkennen, da sie persönliche Konsequenzen für die Forscher*innen haben und auch die Erfahrungen von vulnerablen Teilnehmer*innengruppen sowie die Datenanalyse beeinflussen kann. Mittels einer dreiteiligen Form der Autoethnografie reflektierten wir unsere eigenen Erfahrungen mit emotionaler Arbeit. Anhand von Feldnotizen und Diskussionen während und nach der Feldarbeit untersuchten wir, wie wir die Belastungen der emotionalen Arbeit durch persönliche, beziehungsbezogene und pädagogische Ansätze überwinden können. Indem wir potenzielle Bereiche herausarbeiten, in denen Wissenschaftler*innen sich vor Schwierigkeiten schützen und persönlich und kollaborativ wachsen können, können unsere Ergebnisse Forschenden, Lehrenden und Studierenden helfen, sich besser auf die Untersuchung der Herausforderungen vorzubereiten, mit denen marginalisierte Bevölkerungsgruppen konfrontiert sind, und gleichzeitig soziale Gerechtigkeit und Fürsprache zu fördern.To offer solutions for qualitative researchers who are working to overcome emotional labor, we have drawn on data from fieldwork focused on marginalized populations including mothers of children with disabilities, North Korean defectors, and educators working in under-resourced, remote rural school districts. It is important to recognize the significance of emotional labor in qualitative studies as its effects can have personal consequences for the researchers, can influence the experiences of vulnerable participant populations, and can shape data analysis. Through a tripartite form of autoethnography, we explored our own experiences of emotional labor. Based on field notes and discussions both during and after fieldwork, we investigated ways to overcome the burdens of emotional labor through personal, relational, and instructional approaches. By elaborating potential areas where scholars can protect themselves from difficulties and grow personally and collaboratively, our findings can help researchers, educators, and students better prepare themselves for investigating the challenges facing marginalized populations while promoting social justice and advocacy