Digitization data

Digitalized data from ten individuals (adults, juveniles and newborns) jumping on smooth, wavy and bubbly water surfaces. Files ( *_xyzpts.csv) have the following 3D digitized points in Cartesian system XYZ in cm. For adults and juveniles: Point 1 (head tip), Point 2 (abdomen tip), point 3 (left rear-leg tip), point 4 (left middle-leg tip), point 5 (left front-leg tip), point 6 (left middle-leg base), point 7 (right middle-leg base), point 8 (right rear-leg tip),point 9 (right middle-leg tip). For new-born striders: Point 1 (head tip), Point 2 (abdomen tip), point 3 (left middle-leg tip), point 4 (right middle-leg tip), point 5 (left rear-leg tip), point 6 (right rear-leg tip), point 7 (left middle-leg base), point 8 (right middle-leg base). Digitalization software is described in: Hedrick, T. L. (2008). Software techniques for two- and three-dimensional kinematic measurements of biological and biomimetic systems. Bioinspir. Biomim. 3, 034001

Smooth surface

Video that shows the smooth water surface

Waterstriders dataset

Dataset of three age-classes of water striders (n=10) moving on smooth, wave-dominated, and bubble-dominated water surfaces. Columns indicate the individual's label, age, treatment, distance d (cm), maximal height h (cm), stroke angle α (º), stroke duration ts (s), pitch β (º), yaw γ (º), roll ψ (º). average speed um (cm/s), peak speed up (cm/s), average acceleration am (cm/s^2), body mass mb (mg) and body length lb (cm). Variables divided by the body length (lb) represent normalized data

Wavy surface

Video that shows the wave-dominated water surface

Bubbly surface

Video that shows the bubble-dominated water surface

Representative charge measurement on a free-flying wild hummingbird.

<p>Sensor traces were corrected for baseline drift; Δ indicates the measured bird charge.</p

Experimental setup used to study electrostatic attraction of floral stamens and <i>Lycopodium</i> spores to a charged metal hummingbird model.

<p>Metal objects are indicated in yellow; floral anthers and filaments are depicted in pink and green, respectively. The hummingbird model is oriented vertically so as to avoid gravitational displacement of spores towards the model. (A) The metal tip of the rachis was first charged by contact with a portable Van de Graaff generator and introduced into a copper pail. (B) Charge was then transferred to the hummingbird model. (C) The metal tip of the rachis was then immediately reintroduced into the copper pail. See text for details.</p

Vertical and horizontal components of speed and acceleration for <i>Lycopodium</i> spores drifting near a metal hummingbird model with two different charges, and when uncharged.

<p>Data indicate mean values ± one standard deviation.</p

Displacement distances and speeds for electrostatic attraction of different flower anthers to a metal hummingbird model of varying charges.

<p>Data indicate mean values ± one standard deviation.</p

Attraction of <i>Lycopodium</i> spores to a metal bird model when positively charged at 450 pC (red trajectories), and spore displacement with no net charge on the model (black trajectories).

<p>Attraction of <i>Lycopodium</i> spores to a metal bird model when positively charged at 450 pC (red trajectories), and spore displacement with no net charge on the model (black trajectories).</p